Today’s Catalyst

• Complete the Exit Ticket from yesterday

• 1. What is the difference between Mendeleev and Moseley’s periodic tables? Write your answer in complete sentences.

• 2. How is the periodic table arranged today?

Rows (periods): elements are put in rows by increasing atomic number Columns (groups): elements are put into columns (groups) based on how they react (chemical properties)

Today’s Catalyst •

• 3. On the blank Periodic table below, label the following: 1)row or period; 2)column or group; 3)metals; 4)non-metals

Do Now • Take three minutes and think about

your immediate family (mom, dad, brothers, sisters)

• On the back of the exit ticket write 2 characteristics that everyone in your family shares and 2 characteristics that you do not share with any other member of your family

The Groups (Families) of the Periodic Table

Make a Prediction: How do you think the ‘Opening’ is going to relate to our lesson today?

TEST Tuesday!

Column = Group = Family

• Elements in a group are like members of a family-each is different, but all are related by common characteristics.

• Knowing an element’s group can help us predict its properties and how it will react.

Is like….

For your listening pleasure…

• The Element Song

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

Our Goal for Class:

• Describe the properties of chemical families including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals

• Understand the relationship between valence electrons and chemical properties

Valence Electrons

• Electrons located in the outermost electron shell that are responsible for chemical bonding.

• These electrons are either given away, taken, or shared with other elements to create a chemical bond called a compound.

• Commonly called the “hook up” electrons

Physical Properties: solids,

silvery appearance, soft,

shiny

Chemical Properties: undergo

chemical changes easily and

sometimes violently

(especially water)

MOST important fact: the

most reactive metal group

on the periodic table

•don’t occur in nature in their

elemental form

Alkali Metals

Have 1 VALENCE

ELECTRON

GROUP 1

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

1

(1VE)

Alkali

Metals

The Greatest Video…EVER

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92Mfric7JUc

Physical Properties: solids,

metallic, harder, denser, and

stronger than alkali metals

Chemical Properties: second

most reactive metal group

MOST important fact: less

reactive than alkali metals, but

too reactive to be found in

elemental form

Alkaline Earth Metals

Have 2 VALENCE

ELECTRONS

GROUP 2

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

1

(1VE) 2

(2VE)

Alkali

Metals Alkaline

Earth

Metals

Transition Metals

Physical Properties: very hard,

high boiling point, high

electrical conductivity,

malleable

Chemical Properties: less

reactive than group 1 and 2

metals

MOST important fact: occur in

nature in elemental form

Have 2-3 VALENCE

ELECTRONS

GROUPS 3-12

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

1

(1VE) 2

(2VE)

3-12

(2-3VE)

Alkali

Metals Alkaline

Earth

Metals Transition

Metals

Halogens Physical Properties:

nonmetals, diatomic

molecules

Chemical Properties: very

reactive, especially with

alkali metals and alkaline

earth metals

MOST important fact: most

reactive group of nonmetals

Have 7 VALENCE

ELECTRONS

GROUP 17

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

1

(1VE) 2

(2VE)

3-12

(2-3VE)

13

(3VE)

14

(4VE)

15

(5VE)

16

(6VE)

17

(7VE)

Alkali

Metals Alkaline

Earth

Metals Transition

Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases Physical Properties: gases at

room temperature, when

excited many of the noble

gases give off light

Chemical Properties: Do not

naturally react

MOST important fact: the

most stable group on the

periodic table (exist in

elemental form)

Have 2 or 8

VALENCE

ELECTRONS

GROUP 18

VERTICAL

COLUMNS

are called

GROUPS

or

FAMILIES

HORIZONTAL ROWS are

called PERIODS.

1

(1VE) 2

(2VE)

3-12

(2-3VE)

13

(3VE)

14

(4VE)

15

(5VE)

16

(6VE)

17

(7VE)

18

(2 or 8

VE)

Alkali

Metals Alkaline

Earth

Metals Transition

Metals

Halogens

Noble

Gases

Hydrogen…The “Special” One

Has 1 Valence

Electron

HIGHLY Reactive!

Plays a part in 75%

of the known

compounds in the

UNIVERSE!

Bohr Model

Boron ? protons ? electrons

Bohr Model

Krypton ? protons ? electrons

Bohr Model

Potassium ? protons ? electrons

Bohr Model

Arsenic ? protons ? electrons

Valence Electron

• The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

• The electrons that are available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds

Valence Electrons determine the chemical properties of elements

How does this relate to the PT??

• The different groups of the periodic table all have distinct numbers of valence electrons which influence their chemical properties

Alkali Metals: 1 Valence electron Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Valence electrons Transition Metals: varies Halogens: 7 Valence electrons Noble Gases: 8 Valence electrons

Why Do Bonds Form?

What Is It All About?

Why Are We Here?

What Is The Meaning Of Life?

What Is The Driving Force Of

Our Universe?

…and sometimes 2

Octet Rule

• Chemical compounds tend to

form so that each atom, by

gaining, losing, or sharing

electrons, has an octet (set of

8) of electrons in its highest

occupied energy level

Today’s Homework: • Answer the following questions in

PARAGRAPH FORMAT (5-10 sentences): – Summarize your Learning on Mendeleev,

Moseley, and the Periodic Table. Provide EVIDENCE from your notes!

– Select ONE family from the periodic table and DESCRIBE the properties of the that family (physical and chemical). How many valence electrons does this family have? How do valence electrons affect the chemical properties of the group?

• Start Studying for the TEST on TUESDAY!!!