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The Greek Roots of DemocracyChapter 1, Section 1

Warm-up: Take out your Notebook and copy the following=

Name:Date:Period:

Warm-ups: August 20-24

Monday: August 20 1. Why do we need a government? (Elaborate)

2. What does a society look like without a government?

3. What is your ideal government?

4. When you think government, what do you think of? (use phrases/words)

Tuesday: August 16Question: What are the push factors (reasons) that would cause people to move from one place to another? Explain with a minimum of 5 sentences

Copy the following in

your notebook.The ? Plus

your answer

Government

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Overview of Chapter 1

Constitution

What is a Republic?

Ancient Greece Ancient Rome England

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Objective of the main theme of the textbook

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Molding a Government is like working with clay

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Geography of Greece• Southern end of Balkan

peninsula• By Mediterranean Sea• Mountainous region,

restricted overland travel

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Vocabulary

Democracy:Rule by the many. A democracy is a type

Everyone gets a vote. of government.

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Vocabulary List

1. Monarchy2. Republic3. Tyrant4. Dictator5. Legislature6. Jury7. Consul8. Veto9. Ethics10. Covenant

*Provide a definition for each word, a visual (picture) that represents each word. A sentence with the word in it.

Word

Definition

Sentence

Picture

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Objective: Understand the Greek Roots of Democracy

1. Socrates? 2. Plato 3. Aristotle

Page 14 Page 14-15 Page 15

INDIVIDUALLY READ JUST YOUR SECTION! (5-10 MINUTES)

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Warm-up: Standards Review QuestionsChapter 1.1 Roots of Democracy

1. Why do you believe Socrates was put to death? Did he really pose a threat?

2. According to Plato, who should rule society? Do you agree or disagree with this?

3. What type of government did Aristotle prefer? Is this government ideal? Why or why not? (ELABORATE)

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The Rise of the Greek City-States (Polis)

• City-state (Polis): A city built with 2 levels– Hilltop (Acropolis) and flatter ground– Different forms of governing in each

city-state• Forms of Government=

• Monarchy: king or queen exercises central power• Aristocracy: small ruling group

– Initially it was noble landowners then evolved into a new class of merchants, farmers, and artisans

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Sparta• Located in Peloponnesus• Military state• At age 7, boys began training

Government: – 2 kings and a council of elders who

advised them– An assembly: made up of citizens,

approved major decisions– Citizen: male, over 30 years old– Also elected 5 ephors, officials who held

the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

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Athens: A Limited Democracy• Region of Attica• Democracy developed gradually– Began with monarchy and then aristocracy• Aristocracy (nobles in charge)

– Athenian wealth and power grew– Discontent spread ; merchants and soldiers resented the

power of the nobles (wanted more power due to service to Athens)

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Objective: Understand the Greek Roots of Democracy

1. Solon 2. Pisistratus 3. Cleisthenes 4. PericlesGreek Rulers

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Solon594 B.C., leader

-Aristocracy (rule by the _____)– Outlawed debt slavery– Ensured fairness and justice– Opened offices to more citizens– Loosened restrictions on citizenship (yet still

limited)– Gave people more of a say in decision making– Fairness and Justice

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Rise of Tyrants

Pisistratus546 B.C takes power

-Merchant class- gave farmers and poor citizens a voice, weakened the aristocracy

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Cleisthenes 507 B.C. – broadened the role of “ordinary”

citizens in government– Set up a Council of 500, citizens of

30 years + – Prepared laws for the assembly and

supervised day-to-day work of the government

– Council debated laws» U.S. Legislature (lawmaking body)

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Age of Pericles460-429 B.C. • After Persian Wars: Athens=powerful city-

state• Direct Democracy: many more citizens

involved in the governmental process• All males invited regardless of social class. • Athens pays a fix salary to men who hold

public office• Jury Duty: panel of citizens: authority to

make final judgment . (American=13 jurors)

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Was this really Democracy or Limited Democracy?

• Only male citizens could participate in government

• Few people qualified• Women and slaves were excluded You’re not

allowed!

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Greek Philosophers (lovers of wisdom)Moral and Ethical Principals: idea of goodness and establishment

of standards of human behavior. Socrates and Citizenship: liked to question citizens about their

beliefs (Socratic Method)– way to help others seek self-knowledge and truth– was put to trail and drank poison

Plato and the Reason: School=The Academy The Republic:

• Rejected democracy• The state should regulate every aspect of its citizens’ lives in order to

provide best interests• Equality of all people at birth• 3 social classes: workers, soldiers, philosophers (rulers)

– The philosopher to ensure order and justice

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Wars=The Persian Wars

• 500 B.C.=Athens emerged as wealthiest Greek City-state• Threat=Persians (Empire=Asia Minor all the way to

India)• 490 B.C. Persian army landed in Marathon

– Persians retreat• 10 years later, Persian force returns: Sparta and other

city-states unite with Athens to defend Greece– Greek victory with the smashing of the Persian fleet off the

Athenian coast– Greek defeat Persians one year later in Asia Minor

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Wars=The Peloponnesian War

• Power struggle between Athens and Sparta• Wanted to end Athen’s supremacy• Fighting=27 years• 404 B.C., Spartans captured Athens, ending

Athenian domination of the Greek world