The greek period

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THE GREEK PERIOD SOCRATES 469-399 B.C. ETHICS AND RELIGION

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THE GREEK

PERIODSOCRATES 469-399 B.C.

ETHICS AND RELIGION

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He abandoned art and advocated education

Conceiving that he had divine commission

witnessed by oracles, dreams and signs, not to teach doctrine but to convict men of ignorance mistaking itself from knowledge.

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Socrates became increasingly unpopular (particularly with influential Athenians)and was finally indicted on capital charge

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The trial and execution of Socrates took place in 399 B.C. Socrates was tried on two charges:

corrupting the youth and impiety More specifically, Socrates' accusers cited two "impious"

(Impiety is classically a lack of proper concern for the obligations owed to public religious observation or cult.

"failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges)

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SOCRATES He sought to discover the truth and the

good life. He visualizes the value of the soul, the importance of knowledge and wisdom if the soul is properly tended. Thus knowledge leads to ethical action. Knowledge and virtue are one . Thus a wise man knhat is right and will also do what is right.

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PLATO (427-347 B.C.) Plato is the most famous of the disciples

of Socrates , was born into an aristocratic family. He was planning a career in politics. When the execution of his teacher Socrates convinced him that society could not be saved by political means alone but rather by the kind of wisdom displayed by Socrates.

So he abandoned his political career in order to devote his life to philosophy

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Because he believed that philosophers have a duty to society, to help their fellow citizens in their search for wisdom

He established a school in Athens

Plato believes that virtue is knowledge and the source of knowledge is virtue

(A virtue is a positive trait or quality deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being)

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Theory of forms

The real nature of any individual thing depends on the form in which it “participates” The forms differ from the ordinary things we see. The ordinary things change, but their forms do not.

Theory of knowledge

Knowledge is attainable. It must have as its object that which genuinely real as contrasted with that which is an appearance only .

Knowledge is not derived from sense experience. The objects of some experience are changeable phenomena of the physical world and thus have some degree of probability

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