The Greatest War in History

World War Two

By 1939, only 2 major European countries remained democracies.

“Total States” expected active loyalty; used massive propaganda

Single leader, single party

Totalitarian Regimes

The Great War=nationalismBetrayed by theirBenito Mussolini and Fascist party 2 core principles:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangF

Zc

Italy After the Great War

Rise to PowerEconomic and Social

unrestThe government was

powerless to stop it. Anarchists,

socialists, and communists all

Average capitalist Italians grew

Blackshirts

Mussolini in ChargeThe answer to the

country’s troubles both foreign and domestic

March on RomePrime Minister

Fascists won the majority of Duce in 1925.

DictatorThe King

Italy/Mussolini and Germany/HitlerHaving been in power

longer, Mussolini looked down on Hitler, but there was no denying Germany’s power.

There ideologies crossed over, but Mussolini was unwilling to commit to Nazi racism.

However, Italy wanted territoriesFrance and Britain

Italy did not join WWIISoutheastern France

Italian Fascism in ActionImperial RomeYouth groups

Fascism and the hero-worship

ExpansionNot especially racist

but more based on loyalty to Italian Fascism.

Post-War GermanyGermany after WWI

was a conflicted nation:

The economic conditions led to an increase in Communist activity which

The Weimar Republic

The Nationalist Socialists German Workers Party

It was based on stressing the failure of ________, failure of laissez-faire __________, "racial purity of the German people" and persecuted those it perceived either as __________ or Lebensunwertes Leben, that is__________

Adolf Hitlerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhVM0HmG

ado&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT8nlHJnQ

Xc&feature=PlayList&p=477DC1CDBD97A6E0&index=1

The Nazis

Stabbed in the Back

Beer Hall PutschMunich

Mein Kampf (My Struggle).Legitimized the party and began to contest

elections into the Reichstag.He still ruled the party as a dictator insisting

that democracy was weak.The Nazis gained popularity as theyThey began a propaganda attack on the

Conspiracy Theory

Rise to Power

Extreme nationalismVirulent anti-SemitismAnti-communismSocial DarwinismLebensraumSuperior individuals right to rulehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGNyc_LlJh

s&feature=related

Mein Kampf

Paramilitary organization/bodyguard:Intimidation

Reichstag, ChancellorIn 1933 President LudendorffFuhrer of GermanyHe outlawed all other political parties (which

had been losing popularity anyways and had been discredited).

Dictator

Convincing most Germans he was their savior from1.___________, 2.___________, 3. __________,

4.___________, 5._________ GleichschaltungAll social organizationsThe Nazis began removingRe-industrialization and re-arming

Treaty of Versailles.The German economy boomed and Hitler

repudiated the Treaty of Versailles in 1935 and stated the goal of rebuilding the German Empire

Nazi Germany

Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States

Allies at Odds

Great Britain emerged exhausted from the Great War.

Great Depression Did not have resources to keepThe British people saw

__________________against Germany as revenge-minded and petty.

Public opinion began to swing away

Great Britain

Desperate to avoid another war that mightDiplomatic ArrangementsThey tried wooing Italy to their side by giving

them free reign in Africa.They allowed Germany toThey (along with France) allowed Germany to

annex

Diplomacy Before the War

France became embittered over Tensions rose between Germany and France.France was also exhausted after the Great

War and with a declining __________ was increasingly worried over a resurgent Germany.

While not wanting Germany to get stronger, France was to

Maginot Line.

France

Bolsheviks gained total Soviet Union.

collectivization and industrializationPrivate farms were

Forced FaminesMassive industrialization increased

The Soviet Union

Became leader of Soviet Union after 1924, with Lenin’s death.

A sociopathic man who was obsessed with powerGreat Purge of ________ and _________

Counter-RevolutionaryHis forced famines and PurgesGulagsGreatest mass murderer in history.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMB1drfGhZwhttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?

guidAssetId=80078F2B-3ED7-40DB-92DD-D27D9869878B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Josef Stalin

Increased size of empire, but coveted ______ in Europe and ________ in Asia.

Despite the fact that Hitler hated Communism and declared the Nazis to be against it, and that Stalin mistrusted and hated Hitler, the reality of the situation was

1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

Soviet Union Power

Isolationism League of Nations

The Great DepressionThe United States refused to get involved in

European entanglements and did not build up its army in the late 1930’s.

It did however keep a relatively modern navy with new aircraft carriers.

New President Franklin D. Roosevelt was an Anglo-phile

The United States

Imperial Japan and Nationalist China

The War in Asia: The Pacific Theatre

Japan’s modernization had continued and its navy and army were formidable.

The Great Depression undermined ___________and allowed _______________________

Bushido culture of Japan and glorifiedJapan’s population continued to boom

Imperial Japan

Japan needed to secure natural resources and increase living space and looked to

1936 the Japanese and Germans sign the Anti-Comintern Pact

Conquest of Manchuria and many Pacific Islands

Navy of Aircraft Carriers, breaks naval treaty with Britain

1934 Amo Doctrine:

Japanese Expansion

In 1927, General Chiang Kai-shek National Revolutionary Army of the

Kuomintang (Nationalist)Manchuria

1931 Manchukuo with the last Qing Emperor at its head.

Chiang did not careChinese Communist Party

Nationalist China

1931 Japanese invasion of ManchuriaAssassination of opponents within Japanese

gov’t.US unwilling to go to war over China.The Rape of NankingChiang Kai-Shek appeases Japanese.Open war breaks out in 1937.Japanese successful.

To War in the East

The 1937 Marco Polo Bridge IncidentThe Japanese were able to gain control of

vast swathes of China mostly on the coast.The Kuomintang and Communists

InteriorCivil War

Chiang’s forces soon became well knownThey also often pillaged areas they occupied,

stealing from and attacking their own civilians.

Japanese Invasion

Move south to resource rich oil, rubber, tin islands.

The US threatened embargo of materials.Strategic dilemma: short term or long term.

Japanase Strategy

Hitler desired lebensraum to the east.1935:1936:France wantedBritain too weak

To War

Austrian Nazis put in charge.Invite Germans in to1938:What could Britain and France do? SudetenlandMunich Conference:Hitler says he is appeased.Chamberlain says he

Take Over of Austria and Czechoslovakia

Anschluss

Events had shown Hitler that the democracies were weak.

1939:Slovakia seceded,Danzig

Hitler Goes On

Britain offers to helpFrance and Britain begin courting Soviet

Union.Hitler does so first with Non-Aggression Pact

of 1939Sept 1, 1939.Two days later, Britain and France declare

war.

End of Apeasement

1939Non-Aggression Pact

between Germany and Soviet Union

Germany invades Poland, Britain and France declare war

Winter of 1939-1940: “Phony” War

1940Germany invades FranceVichy FranceBlitzkriegDunkirk

Battle of BritainLuftwaffeRAFRadarCivilian bombing=more resolveOver by September

Invasion of the Soviet UnionHitler’s view of BritainOperation BarbarossaMassive advanceScorched EarthFreezing Winter

The Nazi Empire3 Forms of Control

AnnexationDirect Administration (Norway, Denmark, the

Netherlands)Indirect control with collaborators (Vichy)

• Foreign Labor to Germany: %20 of Labor force; POWs and “volunteers”

Aryan EmpireInferior SlavsHimmler, leader of the SShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_XS3Xra0

Xs&feature=relatedWestern PolandSouthern PolandSocial Engineering

Poles, Ukrainians, Russians=slave labor for Germans

The HolocaustRacial purityJewish EmigrationWar beginsmore drastic measuresFinal SolutionEinsatzgruppen=SS death squads, round up

Jews in army’s wake and execute: inefficient

The Pacific WarPearl HarborEast Asian Co-Prosperity SphereThe Philippines SingaporeAustraliaCoral Sea

Germany FirstHitler’s declaration of war on USAllies political differences aside

DemocracyEmpireCommunism

Unconditional surrender

Turning PointsMidway

4 Japanese Carriers destroyedStalingrad

EncirclementEntire German 6th Army captured (300,000)

The Death CampsJews from Nazi Empire sent to Polish death

camps.Some kept for laborMost into gas chamber then crematorium.Hair, teeth, fillings collectedMedical experiments

The HorrorEven when losing the war, SS had priority

over transport to continue the “Final Solution” instead of defending the border from Allies

6 million killed, 2 out of 3 European Jews

Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere“Asia for Asians”Resources for the Japanese war machineWorse then previous colonial empiresVietnamese famine=1 million deadSimilar racial beliefs as Germans

Forced Labor“Comfort Women”Forced relocation

Attacking the Edges1942: North African Campaign=training

campaign for Allies1943: Invasion of Italy: at first successful,

bogged down north of Rome, became secondary

Invasion of Western EuropeMassive bombing campaignsJune 6,1944Largest amphibious operation in history“Race to Paris”

Russian ResurgenceBattle of KurskAdvancing through Eastern Europe, drawing

the Iron CurtainRaping and pillagingCaptured Berlin

End of European WarAmericans and British smash through

Western EuropeBattle of the BulgeOccupation of Western GermanyHitler’s suicideMay 1945

End of Pacific WarSouthwest Asian Command: MacArthurCentral Pacific Command: NimitzIsland-hoppingBases for planes and shipsLargest Navy in HistoryBuilding up to invasion of Japanese home

islands

The Atomic Bomb$3 Billion spent on Manhattan ProjectJapanese CultureBushido: Refusal to surrenderKamikazeAmerican CasualtiesHiroshima & NagasakiAugust 1945