The Great Expulsion 1755-1762. New Horizons France and England were interested in North America...
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The Great Expulsion1755-1762
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New HorizonsFrance and England were interested in North
America because of the fur tradeChamplain had settled a colony at Port Royal,
Acadia (now Nova Scotia) in 1604Making this settlement work was difficult and by
1650 there were only 300 settlersBritain had settled in Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont at the same time and had managed to settle 13 000 settlers
England and France fought throughout the 1600s and this made success in Acadia more difficult for France
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Control
During the many years of wars between Britain and France, control of Acadian land changed hands many, many times. Acadian lands were in what we now call Nova Scotia.
In 1713 Great Britain won the war in Europe and that gave them control over what is now Nova Scotia
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Early 1700sBy 1713 when Britain took over Acadia it was finally
doing wellThe population had doubled in the past 20 yearsThe long growing season saw plenty of fruits and
vegetables being grownThe Acadians were a very tight groupFamilies were large and everyone helped everyone
elseThey were an “egalitarian” society which means they
believed in equal rights and opportunitiesPriests were the only officialsThey cherished their freedom
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Port RoyalWhen the British won against France in Europe they
got Acadia and its main town, Port Royal.
The British now had control over what is now Nova Scotia and along with it 1800 people
They were told that they could leave Acadia but they would lose everything they had worked so hard to get.
The British told them not to worry they could remain Catholic and continue speaking French.
They decided to stay
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Port Royal becomes AnnapolisThe British decide to rename Port Royal to
Annapolis after Queen Anne.The Acadians weren’t pleased with thisAt your table group discuss why this would make
the Acadians unhappy
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AllegianceIn 1717 Colonel Phillips takes over Nova Scotia
and he believes that all Acadians must pledge allegiance to the British queen
The Acadians did not want to take sides and wanted to be neutral and just continue peacefully as they had always done before.
They were also afraid that the French might return and be angry that they had pledged allegiance to the queen and would take it out on them
The Acadians never believed that the peace between Britain and France would last so they did not want to commit to one side
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The Oath“I sincerely promise and swear on my
faith as a Christian that I will be utterly loyal, and will truly obey his Majesty King George the second, whom I recognize as the sovereign lord of Acadia or Nova Scotia. May God so help me.
~the oath of allegiance signed by Acadians
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The Colonel Leaves Out Some Information
When Colonel Phillips reports back to the King and tells them that many have sworn allegiance he does not mention the most important thing of all:
Phillips told the Acadians that they could be neutral and still swear allegiance. That meant they did not have to side with the British or French if there was ever another war
Make a prediction: Will this be a problem later?
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1744The Acadians were right when they thought
peace wouldn’t lastIn 1744 France and Britain were back at warThe Acadians kept their promise of being
neutral and resisted calls for helpThe British King was not happy especially since
he never knew that they were told that they could be neutral
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1749King George says they must pledge allegiance
and they cannot remain neutralThe Acadians refused and asked for permission
to leaveThe British refused because they were afraid
that they would move to French settlements nearby and make those settlements stronger
This would be in French favour if war broke out yet again
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1755 War AgainThe French were defeated in what is now New
BrunswickThe British found out that 300 Acadians helped
the FrenchThey were not amusedThe British decide to seek revenge on the
AcadiansAnyone who did not pledge allegiance was
hunted down, their land and cattle were seized, houses and crops burned
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Britain Seizing Land and Property
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Eight more yearsFrom 1755 to 1763 Acadians who did not
pledge allegiance were hunted down and deported
They were shipped away in horrible conditions where few survived
One group of Acadians claimed the conditions were so bad that they had to take turns lying down
There was no food and no water
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Misery and DespairThose who escaped or avoided capture also
sufferedThey lived in the woods or travelled many
kilometres by foot to QuebecPeople that were captured became prisoners of
war if they went to EnglandOthers were sent to France or colonies along the
east coast of what is now the United StatesThe British deliberately tried to separate
Acadians and their families so they could not group together and retaliate
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Deportation
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What happened?Even if they survived the journey to other
colonies their misery continuedGovernors did not know the Acadians were
arriving and were angry that they had to provide for them
The Acadians lived in poverty for years and were never accepted
Their culture and way of life was ruined
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnpW5IVyWtU
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Acadians TodayThe expulsion is considered to be a tragedy,
planned with no regard to the suffering it would cause
The Acadian culture did survive and today 3 million people claim Acadian heritage
Those that survived established communities in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec.
Many live in Louisiana, the roots of Cajun cuisine that is loved everywhere
All of them celebrate their unique past
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2003In 2003, Queen Elizabeth acknowledged the
deportation of the Acadians August 15th every year is National Acadian Day
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Think about it on an exit ticket: How does this picture represent the history of the Acadians? What images do you see? What symbols do you see that tell the story of the Acadian expulsion?
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