The Great Depression and World War II

The Great Depression and World War IISS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia.Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on GeorgiaExplain economic factors that resulted in the Great DepressionDiscuss the impact of the political career of Eugene TalmadgeDiscuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social SecurityThe Boll WeevilA small, grayish, long-snouted beetleDestroyed the primary source of income for many GA farmers CottonFeeds on the white, fluffy cottonCame from Mexico, moved through Texas and into the southern states in the 1890sThe boll weevil and the drop in cotton prices weakened the Souths economy

Drought in Georgia1924 major drought in GeorgiaSlowed down the boll weevil, but destroyed other cropsFarms failed, and banks that had loaned the farmers money took huge losesHurt many farm workers; they left Georgia b/c of drought and the boll weevil the Great Migration the movement of southern blacks to the North; lasted from end of WWI through the 1960sThe Great DepressionCauses of the Great Depression People of the U.S. had borrowed more money than they could repayFactories had produced more goods than they could sellFarmers also overproduced, causing prices to declineHigh tariffsSpeculation in the stock marketThe Great DepressionCauses of the Great Depression Laissez-faire attitude the doctrine that the government should not interfere in the private sector of the economyhelped cause the depression because people, including the president, did not do anything to help the economy, thinking it would work itself out

The Great DepressionResults of the stock market crash in 1929 banks lost a lot of moneypeople were forced out of homes Hoovervillesschools closedsavings accounts were emptied

Eugene TalmadgeGovernor of Georgia from 1933-1936 and 1940-1942; three terms as governorConservative white supremacist who did not like federal government interventionSpoke out against the New Deal, blacks and metropolitan areas; most of his voters were from the rural areas of the stateHe supported the reduction of property taxes, utility rates, and license feesEugene TalmadgeDid not support textile unionsA Talmadge supporter told the governor that a dean at UGA and a dean at GA Southern planned to integrate the schoolTalmadge fired the two individualsHis actions offended many, thus the SACS voted to take away the accreditation of white Georgia collegesEugene Talmadge

The New DealFranklin D. Roosevelts set of laws that were created to bring about economic recovery, relieve the suffering of the unemployed, reform defects in the economy, and improve societyNew Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Rural Electrification, Social SecurityCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC)A program that provided jobs for young single men building forest trails and roads, planting trees, and building parksBuilt many facilities at Roosevelt State Park in Pine MountainFlood control and drainage projects Tybee Islands seawallBuilt municipal facilities Augustas Savannah River Lease and Macons airportAgricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)It paid farmers NOT to plant on part of their land this helped raise farm prices by limiting production

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)The plan worked; farm income improvedThe one drawback farm subsidies (grants of $ from the government) went to landowners rather than to the tenant farmers, who were usually black

Rural Electrification Authority (REA)Power companies mainly ran lines to towns and citiesBecause the rural population was spread out, power lines were more expensive to build and maintainBest impact of New Deal on GA caused many rural regions to receive electricity for the first timeImpact on farmers loaned $ to farmers cooperatives to help them extend their own power lines and buy power wholesale Social SecurityIt provided retirement and unemployment insurance from taxes paid by both workers and their employersHowever, farm workers were not covered by the new programGives some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty-ridden old ageSS8H9The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgias development economically, socially, and politicallyDescribe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II, include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl HarborEvaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl VinsonExplain the impact of the Holocaust on GeorgiansDiscuss President Roosevelts ties to GA including his visits to Warm Springs and his impact on the statePoland is invaded by Germany

Appeasement the policy of giving an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid warGreat Britain and France declare war on GermanyBefore troops could get there, Germany and the Soviet Union divided PolandNeutral United StatesPresident Roosevelt watched as Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany carved up the world.Isolationism the idea of not taking part in the affairs of other nationsThe U.S. allowed the Allied Powers to buys arms if they paid cash and carried them in their own shipsWhen the British ran out of cash to buy the arms, Congress passed the Lend-Lease ActWorld War II countriesAxis powers Germany, Italy, Japan, Allied powers Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union*Soviet Union at first, Germany and the Soviet Union were conquering land; they were considered allies, but Germany turned on the Soviet UnionThe European Theater

France surrenders June, 1940

Leaders of the NationsGermany Adolf HitlerJapan Emperor HirohitoItaly Benito MussoliniSoviet Union Joseph StalinThe Leaders

Pearl HarborTo protest Japanese expansion, the United States stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation gasoline to JapanAfter Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in the U.S.Thus, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, a Sunday morningPearl Harbor

Pearl HarborReferred to as the day that will live in infamyThe Navys Pacific fleet was destroyedAll eight battleships were destroyed or severely damaged2,000 people were killed; 1,000 were injuredDecember 8, 1941, the U.S. declares war on Japan because of Pearl HarborPearl Harbor U.S.S. Arizona

The Bell AircraftAfter Pearl Harbor, the government decided to build additional aircraft plants to make the B-29 bomberBell Aircraft Company of Buffalo, NY built a new plant in Marietta, GAIn 1943, the plant employed 1200 people; by 1945, it employed 27,000 employeesThe Marietta plant was the largest aircraft assembly plant in the worldThe Bell AircraftIt closed after WWII; had built 668 planesOpened back up in 1950 by Lockheed Aircraft CorporationStill located in Marietta

WWII Military Bases in GAMajor military bases Fort Benning (Columbus), Camp Gordon (Augusta), Fort Stewart and Hunter Air Field (Savannah), Warner Robbins Air Field (Macon)Fort Benning largest infantry center in the countryGlynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) flew blimps along the coast in search of German subs

WWII Military Bases in GAPrisoners of War were held at Fort Benning, Fort Gordon, Fort Oglethorpe, and Fort StewartFort McPherson (Atlanta) a major induction center for newly drafted soldiers from all over the country

Savannah & Brunswick ShipyardsLiberty ships were built at the Savannah & Brunswick ShipyardsLiberty ships were cargo ships named by President Roosevelt.First of GAs Liberty ships was launched in November 1942 the U.S.S. James Oglethorpe88 Liberty ships were built in Savannah99 Liberty ships were built in BrunswickLiberty Ships

Richard B. Russell, Jr.Georgias youngest governorHe consolidated 102 state offices into 17 agenciesHe created the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia a combination of the boards of trustees of state colleges and universities into one groupHe ran the state like a successful businessRichard B. Russell, Jr.He served thirty-eight years as a U.S. SenatorHe helped provide a school lunch to all childrenHe was a respected advisor to six U.S. presidents; when he became pro tempore of the Senate, he was third in line for the presidencyRichard B. Russell, Jr.

Carl VinsonOne of Georgias most influential leadersHe served twenty-five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of RepresentativesHe represented Georgias interest in the military through his work with the House Naval Affairs Committee and the House Armed Services CommitteeHe had a major influence in promoting a strong national defenseCarl VinsonIn 1934, he helped authorize the manufacture of 92 major warships because of tensions in EuropeHe expanded the naval aviation system to include 10,000 plans, train 16,000 pilots, and establish 20 air basesHe is referred to as the father of the two-ocean navy.Carl Vinson

The HolocaustThe name given to the systematic extermination of 6 million JewsAn additional 5-6 million people, labeled as undesireables, were also killedPeople died from starvation, disease, mistreatment, and medical experimentsPrisoners, including children, were killed in gas chambers; once dead, they were incinerated in ovens or thrown in mass gravesThe HolocaustAdolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, instigated the Holocaust.Concentration Camps the final solution to the Jewish problemExamples: Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-BelsenThe Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

The HolocaustIn 1986, the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust was created to take lesson from the history of the Holocaust and use them to help lead new generations of Georgians beyond racism and bigotry.The Commission sponsors an art and writing contest for Georgia middle and high school studentsFranklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaOne of his New Deal programs did not work the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)It was designed to help workers by setting minimum wages, permitting them organize unions, and allowing factories to cut back on productionThis legislation mainly affected the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaThe NIRA was a major threat to mill ownersThe mill owners used a stretch out a practice that requires workers to tend more machinesWorkers had to do the same amount of work in an 8-hour shift that they had previously done in a 12- hour shift

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaThus, textile workers all over the South joined in a strike45,000 union workers in Georgia took partThe strike caused financial hardships for the workers, so the union called off the strike eventuallySo how did the NIRA affect GA? Resulted in a strike in the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaIn 1924, Roosevelt began visiting Warm Springs as treatment for his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaBecause of the warm springs, he built a small house there in 1932 it became known as the Little White HouseThe warm mineral waters of Warm Springs eased his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaHe died on April 24, 1945 from a massive stroke at his house in Warm SpringsHarry Truman became the next president of the United States and authorized the use of the atomic bomb both Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)