Discuss how Hoover’s initial conservative response to the depression failed.
The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response
-
Upload
quentin-bonner -
Category
Documents
-
view
29 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response
The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response
Chapter 30
Agenda 3/5/2014 Review Chp 29 Quiz and Collect Chp 30 Chp 30 Notes and Quiz Source work Homework- RSG- p. 52-117(3/7) Chp 31- 3/11
Human and Environment Interactions
Patterns of Settlement
Soviets provide mass housing Party makes up for
poor living standards with recreational programs and facilities
Excess farm labor sent to cities where industry is growing
Communist era mass housing
Cultural Development and Interactions
Beliefs/philosophiesideologies
In Latin America Growing criticism and
liberal movements in Latin America
Liberal movements are less organized,and less educated than those in Europe
Corporatism – emphasis on the changing nature of society in which the state must act as a mediator to consider the interests of various groups
Beliefs/philosophiesideologies
In Europe Fascism represents
the belief that the parliamentary system has failed, only a strong state ruled by an individual leader will fix the crisis
Cultural Development and Interactions
Arts and Architecture Artists and intellectuals
claim the Latin America is on a “race to nowhere”
Soviet Union: Art and science come under the control of the state – no free-thinking here! As a result Socialist
Realism becomes popular Increased govt police
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Political structures/govts
Political changes worldwide Suspicion of the West (Japan) Govt welfare programs on the
rise in the west Growth of radicalism and
socialism Most successful –
Scandinavia Increased govt spending
foreshadows the growth of the welfare state
Political structures/govts
The New Deal Franklin Delano
Roosevelt (FDR) Overall, the influx of
govt spending will not fix the economy, but it will give it a boost until WWII brings an end to the Depression
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Political structures/govts
In Brazil: Getulio Vargas becomes
president, promises reform: Massive govt
centralization Prevents coups from
communists and fascists Constitution establishes
the Estado Novo (New State)
Prevents opposition Corporatist style govt
Political structures/govts
In Argentina Juan D. Peron takes control
and promises working class reforms
Eventually, worsening economy combined with growing radicalism among Peronists will cause their exile
Urban workers continue to push for reforms without Peron
Juan and Eva Peron
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Revolts/revolutions
Radicalism grows due to discontent with govt response Ex: The Popular Front
Spanish Civil War Tensions between the
Republican party and the Falange (Fascist party) lead to 3 year Civil War
Revolts/revolutions Colonialism
denounced – Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon gain independence from Europe
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Global/tran-sregional/regional structures
Soviets focus on internal issues until the rise of Hitler makes it necessary to protect themselves Regained acceptance in
League of Nations after stable communist govt was established
Stalin signs a pact with Hitler to divide Poland
Depression is truly an international crisis Western nations lower
production and cannot import raw materials
Latin American and Asian nations suffer from a lack of demand for their exports and inability to afford necessary imports
The Exception: The Soviet Union Hitler joins forces with
Mussolini League of Nations condemns
Italy, but does nothing more
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Empires
Hitler Comes to Power makes arrangements
which gradually put him in power of a totalitarian state
Hitler’s Foreign Policy Angers European nations
by suspending reparation payments and building military forces
America remains isolationist, France and Britain do nothing
Declares Anschluss, or union, with Austria
Invades the Sudetenland (German populated portion of Czechoslovakia)
Sign a pact with the Soviets promises not to invade Poland
State-building, expansion, and conflict
Empires Japan
During the Depression political division grow between traditionalists and militarists advocating an authoritarian govt
The military gradually wins control in Japan
War breaks with China Desire to expand in the
Pacific in order to maintain supplies of raw materials
Economic creation, expansion, and interactions
Recession and Inflation
Overproduction
Supply outpaces demand
Prices fall
Debts increase
Inability to afford
industrial exports
Economic creation, expansion, and interactions
Agricultural and Pastoral Production
Stalin’s Economic Policies Collectivization of
land Factory-style farms
with little incentive
Trade and Commerce Tariffs cut off worldwide
trade Latin American countries
suffer due to a lack of demand for their exports
Growing economic rivalry with Japan promotes a Western outcry against buying Japanese goods
Economic creation, expansion, and interactions
Labor Systems FDR creates public works
projects to provide jobs Growing population brings
labor issues to the forefront in Latin America Govt make some attempts
to cater to workers Syndicalism grows – aims to
use organization of labor to bring down the state Tragic Week (1919)
Economic creation, expansion, and interactions
Industrialization In Russia
Five Year Plans – Stalin’s state planning commission which sets clear goals for industrial development
While the rest of the world is in Depression, the Soviet Union will become the world’s 3rd largest industrial producer
Industrialization Depression leads to import
substitution industrialization – growth spurt of industry as countries begin producing what they previously imported
Japan hard-hit by depression, but successful govt response will rebuild economy more quickly than the west
Industrialization and oil exporting in Iran (formerly Persia)
Social Development and Transformations
Gender Roles and Relations
Westernizing reforms in Turkey under Kemal Ataturk
Family and Kinship
Soviet govt’s welfare system provides for illness and old age
U.S. Social Security – provides protections against unemployment and old age
Social Development and Transformations
Social and Ethnic Constructions
Opposition of Kulaks gets them sent to Siberia
Social and Economic Class Stalin maintains
worker support by consulting workers in decision-making – although unions and strikes are outlawed
A Siberian labor camp