The grammatic rules in "Lessons in arabic language - Book 3"
Transcript of The grammatic rules in "Lessons in arabic language - Book 3"
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- in nouns
- Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the
end of the nounchanges according to the position of the word in the sentence). [ ]
- -
-
- non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element(denoting the end of the)
word assumes one eternal/unchangeable form. [
]
- -
-
In respect to nouns, all are except the following: -
-) --( -) -( -
)- ( - )- ( -
- - - ) (- -
- i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
- - -
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:-i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar
- -
- - -
)(-- )(
- -
- )) -
- )(
// // // // //- -
- -
- )(
--
- -
--
-
-
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-
- ) (-
-
--
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
- The in three areas within which are not present/clear, but are thereforeassumed/hypothetical. [ ]
An where the last letter is an ) ( , i.e. : [
.] . :
-
-
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--
)( -
- An where the last letter is a and the letter before it is ., i.e . [
.] -
--
- )( -
- -
-- )(
Note the condition of the without the , ) ( :
: - -1 - -2 - -3
- An where the of the last letter is the - , and the letter before it is .
-- -
- -
-
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- ) ( -
-
)1
-
- )2
) - ( --
-
3 ) ) ( --
-
)4-
- -
)5-
- -
- )(
-
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)1) ( -
- -
)2) ( -
- -
)3- ) (-
-
)4- - -
- ) (
- -
- ) ( - )(
)5 -
- ) (
-
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- -
- )(
- - - )(
)6
- ) ( - )(-
-
)7-
- - -
)8- -
- )(
-
)9 -
-
-
-
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- )( -
10
) - -
- )( - -
- )(
)11 -
- -
1
) - -
-
)2
-
- - )) ) )
- -
- -
- -
-
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- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
- Any which follows completely the of what has just preceded it. Of this there are 4 types:
-/-
-
- -
-/- -
-
-
-/ --
- -
-
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--
-
)( - -
- -
- - )(
-
-- ) (-
- )( --
- ) (-
-
- )( -
-- ) (-
-
- )(
-
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)( --
- ) ( - -
- )( - ))
-
- - -
)(-- )(
-
- - - -
)(-- )(
-
-
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--
-
- )(-- )(
-
--
- --
-
-- -
-
- - )(
--
-
-
-
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)( -
-
--
- -
- -
- - -
-
- in verbs. and are both . is unless it has ) ( and then it becomes i.e. / (from .(
- )(
--
-)(
-
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- - )(
)(
- -
- - )(
)( -
-
)( -
- -
)( - -
) ( -
-
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- -
-
-
- -
- -
)) -
- -
- ) ( -
) ( - ) ( -
- For there are 3; taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
- - -
- i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:
-
-
--
-
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--
- )) -
- -
)) - -
-
-
- )( )( )( ) (
- The here is not present/clear, but is therefore assumed/hypothetical.
-
)( - )(
- ) ( )) ) ( -
-
-
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- )( )(
- following in / formats in substitute of the .
It is being
written
He is
writing
It was written He wrote
)(
In the , is always dropped and the takes its place and becomes with necessary harakah changes. - is despite the transformation of to . This is because is .
If the is a , apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the , to its equivalent ,i.e. -
-
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- -
- -
- -
))
- ))
. . - - ) (
- - ) (
-
-
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- ) (-
- ) (
- )( :-
- - ) ( -
- -
- ) (-
-
- - ) (-
- -
-
)) -
- ) (-
-
-
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- )(- - ) (-
: - -
- ) ( - -
-
- ) (
- -) (
) ( - -
- -
- ) (
-
-
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--
- ) (-
--
- --
- ) (
-
- - )) ) (- -
- Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed. ) : / /
) ( /)
)/(- )1 )/) (/)- )2
)/)- )1 )/ )(/)- )2)/)- )3
-)/(
-
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-)/(The plural form is )(
- )/( )4
- -
- ) (
- )( - - -
- ) (
- describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.
)()(- )()(- )()()(- )(
- formed by adding to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is related/connected with theoriginal noun. If a noun has
ending, this must be dropped before adding
.
- - - - -
- ---
If a noun ends in / , this is changed to before ending.
) ( )( -
} { }{
-
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) )( ( -
- -
)(-
) )( ( - - -
- )( )( )-)
-
- either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second
of the pair is always preceded by
:
- -
- - (()) --
)(- - - (()) -
) ( -
- -
- - (()) - -
)(-
- - (()) -
-
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) ( -
-
- )) - - (()) -
- )(-
- - (()) -) ( -
- - - (()) --
)) - - )(-
- - (()) - - )(
- ) (
- definition indicating a precise noun -)(-
-)(- -)(- (-(-
- - (-(-
)(-)(- -)(-
-
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- in-definition indicates an indefinite noun -
-
- ) (-
- -
- )) -
-
] )+= ([
/- both (of), the two -
-
- .
-
/- That is. Used for
only
/ /
-
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-
-
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:
) - ( )
- -)( )( - -)( ))) ( ))( )( - -- - )( )(- - )( ) )
- . : - )3
- -
:.: . )4 )1 (- (-
) ( - - -
)( - - )(- - )( - -
: - - - -
- -
/
-
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* *) (
/-
)( ) (
If you have 2 in a then the 1st is a , and the 2nd is a . If positions change then the changes:
- -
)(
- -
- - ) (
- if, whether, when, whenever. embodying a condition. Used mostly with ., transforming in meaning to the future
-
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Also used with
. It is permissible for the answer to the condition (
) to be
.
must be prefixed by ) ( in the following situations:} {- )1 -- )2
- - --3( (defective)-)) ((4( )(-} {5( )(- 6( )(-} { (-( )7
8( )(-} { 9( )(-} {
The will not be if preceded by . However, the for it will be .
--
- - -
- -
) (
-
-
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- ))
-
- )) - )(
))
)- ( ) () ( - - )(
- - ) (-
)( - - )(
-
- ) ( - -
)!- ( - ) /( - - ((
-
) ( -
-
-
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- -
- )( - - )( )(
- -.() - -
- )())
- -
-
. - - not; - he did not eat; he has not eaten
- )( ))
- -
- )( ))
when, at the time when, as -
-
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- ))
- )( ))
-- ) (
))
(-until, till, up to, as far as, to ( - - - )( -
- )( -
-so that, in order that, that, in order to, to, as, with a view, for -
- )(
-- )( )( )() (
- calling to one who is mourned or to a cause of pain( . . . ) - one who is mourned, stricken to death.
)( - to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, make suffer
- the cause of pain, the place where disease and( . . . )suffering are located. pain, ache, suffering, agony, anguish
)(
-
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- )(- )(
- show me your book
- show him your notebook
- to show, present, bring out.
-2 -1
- ))
- - -
) .( ).().( ..) . . . . (-
-
)( -
- )( -
-
- - -
- -
-
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-
- It is permissable to for the following conjugations, so long as it is not followed by sukoon ( ):
- - - - -
- - )( -
- ) (
- -
-perhaps, maybe-to hope (for), wish, to look forward to -
-fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care - -
- )( - - )(
-
-
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) (-)( ).( )().(
-) (
) (-) (
) () (-
)( / /
} { . )()() (()-()--) )-()(
)
)(
) -)
- )( )(
-
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)103 (} :} )) ):(. ) ( )( )( :
. : .
-
- ) (-
- - )(
) (
-
- ) )
- -
)) -
) ( -
)( - -
-
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. . : )(). (. .
- ) ( - -
- )( -
- )( -
) ). (( : . : )(
. ) : ()( .
)149( )3( :)) ((
Important: These notes cover the Introduction (page 3) upto and including Chapter Sixteen (page 149) of the book
((Lessons in Arabic Grammer for non-speakers)).
.
X:
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.10133.-
25/Page 25
66/Page 66
//
130/Page 13072/Page 72
37/Page 37/138/Page 138////81/Page 81//
139/Page 13945/Page 45
102/Page 102148/Page 148//
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