THE GOVERNANCE VALUE OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA The synergies between open data and the work of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) Arturo Rivera Open Data Policy Analyst OECD XXVIII Congresso Dos Tribunais De Contas Do Brasil Recife, BR; 1-4 December, 2015. What is (not) Open Data? The Governance (and social) Value of Open Data. Which is the role of SAIs within the Open Data ecosystem? SAIs and Open Data: Opportunities for Action Todays Presentation Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose (subject, at most, to requirements that preserve provenance and openness). Open Knowledge Foundation, The definition of Open (data) Open data is not static: It is dynamic (4 Cs- Co- creation) Open data is not an overnight achievement: It is a process (From data gathering to the disclosure of quality open data): It takes time, energy and arises different challenges. Open data is not Open Government Data (OGD) First: Open Data is not. OGD is the next step from Public Sector Information (PSI) (Reports, PDFs, one-way) OGD is government data that is made public on open formats. OGD contributes to the whole open data ecosystem: public, private and social stakeholders producing and consuming open data (all of them?). Source: Rivera Perez, J. Arturo (2014); BEYOND OPEN DATA DISCLOSURE: Fostering the impact of Open Government Data towards more Efficient Public Institutions; London School of Economics (LSE); London, UK. Why?: Open Data should be re-used and integrated within value-chains, allowing users to analyse it, mash it up with other datasets (big data), etc. It should be freely and easily re-used: Technically (formats) and legally(no restrictions ownership, licensing, etc.). Unused data, is useless data (OGD portals, demand, critical mass of users). the product? Open Data (including OGD) is an intermediate good. Social Value o Citizens empowerment o Social control o Social participation o Public engagement Public Governance Value o Improving accountability o Transparency o Public sector efficiency o Anti-corruption Open data as a good: Which is the final product? Open Data Value EconomicSocial Governance Standards for disclosing and use open data: How? Setting common principles. G8 Open Data Charter (2013): 5 principles. International Open Data Charter (September, 2015)(6 principles) G20 Anti-Corruption Open Data Principles (November, 2015) Open data as an standardised good: Where are we? 2015 G-20 Antalya summit 1. Open by Default (choice) 2. Timely and Comprehensive; 3. Accessible and Usable; 4. Comparable and Interoperable; 5. For Improved Governance and Citizen Engagement; 6. For Inclusive Development and Innovation. G20 Open Data Principles Anti-Corruption(2015) Phase 1 Working Paper Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives with full assessment methodology [Dec 2012-May 2013] Phase 2 OGD survey : strategy, implementation, value generation, challenges [Apr Sept 2013] Phase 3 Pilot testing in 8 OECD countries : validate methodology, map initiatives, collect practices, impact assessment + MENA and LAC regions [2013 2014] Now OGD Country Reviews: Poland, Mexico OURdata Index 2015 OECD Open Government Data Expert Group OECD OGD PROJECT OGD Report : Data analysis and outcome of pilot testing Benchmarking: The OECD OURdata Index (2014) The Open-Useful-Reusable Government data index (OURdata) Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data All three dimensions were equally weighted (33.3% each) Note: Cronbach alpha = 0.81 Which is the role of SAIs as public institutions? Is everyone producing and consuming open data? Open data environment: What is the problem? OGD Consumers OGD Producers SAIs SAIs are (should be) prosumers of open data Open data (external and internal) should be integrated as an input within the audit process. Open Government Data as a result (output) of the audit process: Open by default. OGD generated as the result of the audit work is then incorporated in the open data environment, to be reused by all stakeholders. Conclusion 1: Open data is a good that (when reused)creates a product (value), and Conclusion 2: SAIs are prosumers of open data. Which are the synergies between open data and the work of SAIs? The OECD (GOV-PSI) is finalising an ongoing internationally comparative study of SAIs activities. Objectives: (1) To look at the role of SAIs in supporting better formulation, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes (2) To map how leading SAIs are assessing key stages of the whole policy cycle and its outcomes. The role of SAIs in Good Governance (value) SAIs: Active during the whole policy making process. SAIs OversightForesightInsight The promotion of accountability through oversight remains a core activity of SAIs' work. SAIs are increasingly using their expertise to provide insight and foresight. Insight : To inform the policy making process (efficiency). Foresight: To pin-point trends in the short-term and forecast implications and predict risks in the medium and long term. *preliminary findings. GOV-PSI. Some key findings of the report*: 1.SAIs as Auditors: Adding open government data programs as an audit topic: Increase the participation of SAIs within whole the open data policy process. 2.SAIs as prosumers: Produce open government data for the whole auditing process (open by default): Become a contributor to the Open Data ecosystem (audit results, info about SAIs). Consume Open Government Data and open data as an input into the audit activity: Reuse open data for oversight, and to provide a better insight and foresight that contribute to the whole policy making process. 3. Collaborate and engage citizens to participate on the audit process and reuse open data: why? Areas of potential synergies and further exploration by SAIs regarding OD OECD: Top 5 main objectives of open data strategies or policies (From Def to Imp ) Source: OECD Open Data in Governments Survey 2013 Transparency vs. Innovation PS Efficiency Public Participation Latin American and Caribbean Countries (OGP Members, 2014) Effective Institutions Platform (EIP) Multi-stakeholder alliance of over 60 countries and organisations established in 2012 engaged in public sector reforms (government representatives as well as CSOs, legislators, think tanks, etc.) 3 Major Pillars of work EIP: Engaging Citizens in Accountability Institutions Project under the EIP initiated in 2013 to review Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) engagement practices and to develop practical guidance Phase I: SAI and citizens engagement (32 SAIs); Phase II: checklist on engagement with other stakeholders (citizens, parliaments and the media) with global survey and 4 case studies; Presented at XXVth OLACEFS (October 2015, Mexico) Steering group: Brazil, South Africa, Chile, Costa Rica, IDI, New Zealand, Philippines, OECD P2P Learning Alliance in October 2014 (Paris) to discuss benefits and risks of SAIs engagement (7 SAIs: Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, France, Philippines, South Africa, Zambia with CSOs and development reps.) Strong focus on transparency practices (widespread, yet uneven; well distributed, but more developed in stronger SAIs) and less on participatory practices (Incipient, but promising; more common in non- OECD countries and regionally concentrated in Latin America & Asia Pacific) 26 The results? EIP: Mechanisms of Engagement Open data is dynamic: Use the 4 Cs and engage users, particularly citizens. Communication (raise awareness about your work with open data), Consultation (Identify the demand, prioritise disclosure:, and know your users. Collaboration and Cooperation with your users and other SAIs: Aim to foster the reuse of data by your users Set common data format standards to enable inter-jurisdictional comparison and use between SAIs. INVEST ON & DISCLOSE OPEN DATA: Open Data is a process: Follow international standards for open data and disclose high-quality open data on a proactive and timely manner. USE OPEN DATA: Technical capacities for data analytics: Aim to create an specific unit in charge of data analytics if possible,and increase open data literacy and capacities inside your institution to contribute to your work as an auditor. To wrap-up: Food for thought (and action) F or more information on our work: (Head of the OECD Reform of the Public Sector Division) (Head of the OECD project on Digital Government and Open Data) (Open Data Policy Analyst) For the OECD work on open data:Thank You