The Good, The Bad and The Ugly of Antibiotics and Antibacterial Products

The Good, The Bad and The Ugly of

Antibiotics and Antibacterial Products

The Good, The Bad and The Ugly of

Antibiotics and Antibacterial ProductsAn Interdisciplinary Approach to

Reducing Antibiotic ResistanceAn Interdisciplinary Approach to Reducing Antibiotic Resistance

The War Against Bacteria; Do we really

need them???

The War Against Bacteria; Do we really

need them???

Yes!Yes! To decay plants and animals to put nutrients back into

the environment There are 10 times as man microbial on and in us than

there are actual human cells We need it to break down food to digests We eat them for food (to make bread, beer, wine,

yogurt, cheese) Marine animals live off phytoplankton's as a main food

source Microbial symbioses is needed to allow plants to grow Biodegrading waste generated for industry and

households They help detoxify soil and water dump sites Used in water filtration to remove organic materials

for filth waters that is eventually returned to rivers ad streams as our drinking supply

About 70% of antibiotics are products of microbial fermentation

Vitamin B12, riboflavin, and vitamin C are products of fermented microbial

To decay plants and animals to put nutrients back into the environment

There are 10 times as man microbial on and in us than there are actual human cells

We need it to break down food to digests We eat them for food (to make bread, beer, wine,

yogurt, cheese) Marine animals live off phytoplankton's as a main food

source Microbial symbioses is needed to allow plants to grow Biodegrading waste generated for industry and

households They help detoxify soil and water dump sites Used in water filtration to remove organic materials

for filth waters that is eventually returned to rivers ad streams as our drinking supply

About 70% of antibiotics are products of microbial fermentation

Vitamin B12, riboflavin, and vitamin C are products of fermented microbial

Bacteria + Antibiotic = Resistance

Bacteria + Antibiotic = Resistance

Why Do Bacteria Resist?

Why Do Bacteria Resist?

Because they want to surviveThey are fightersSome bacteria can change and adapt to their surroundings within seconds

That is why they have survived for billions of years

Because they want to surviveThey are fightersSome bacteria can change and adapt to their surroundings within seconds

That is why they have survived for billions of years

The Problem with Resistance

The Problem with Resistance

Increased Morbidity/Mortality

Increased Incidence of Disease

Increased Duration of Illness

Increased Cost of Treatment

Increased Morbidity/Mortality

Increased Incidence of Disease

Increased Duration of Illness

Increased Cost of Treatment

How Does Resistance Occur?

How Does Resistance Occur?

Misuse of antibiotics- the fear of germs from people, plants, food, ad in our home

Anomalous Combinations- drug resistant microbes

Enhanced transmissions of resistance factors- increased efficency with resistance exchenage; global travel, budget cuts in health care, increased number of immuneosuppressed people, medicle technologies

Reservoir Hypothesis- increased pressure by drug companies to take more antibiotics, therefore creating more and more thresholds to the products. Resistant bacteria begin to thrive, creating a reserve f antibiotic-reistant bacteria.

http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/kardar.html

Misuse of antibiotics- the fear of germs from people, plants, food, ad in our home

Anomalous Combinations- drug resistant microbes

Enhanced transmissions of resistance factors- increased efficency with resistance exchenage; global travel, budget cuts in health care, increased number of immuneosuppressed people, medicle technologies

Reservoir Hypothesis- increased pressure by drug companies to take more antibiotics, therefore creating more and more thresholds to the products. Resistant bacteria begin to thrive, creating a reserve f antibiotic-reistant bacteria.

http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/kardar.html

Where are all these

Antibiotics coming from?

Where are all these


Household ProductsHousehold Products

Over 700 “antibacterial” products are sold to the consumer

Ex. Sweat socks, toothpaste, kitchen plastics, cements, paints, cleaning products

Microbes resist their compounds and have been documented in nature

These products end up in the sewer or landfills

Over 700 “antibacterial” products are sold to the consumer

Ex. Sweat socks, toothpaste, kitchen plastics, cements, paints, cleaning products

Microbes resist their compounds and have been documented in nature

These products end up in the sewer or landfills

Antibiotic / AntimicrobialAntibiotic / Antimicrobial

Antibiotic = Chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism

Antimicrobial Agent = Chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC438/decker/AntibioticRes/Antibiotic%20Resistance.pdf

Antibiotic = Chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism

Antimicrobial Agent = Chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms



Antimicobial AgentsAntimicobial Agents

Disinfectant: antimicrobial agent used only on inanimate objects

Chemotheraputic Agent: antimicobial agent that can be used internally

Disinfectant: antimicrobial agent used only on inanimate objects

Chemotheraputic Agent: antimicobial agent that can be used internally


DisinfectantDisinfectant

Pasteurization: destruction of all disease-producing microorganisms or reduction in spoilage microorganisms

Sterilization: killing or removal of all living organisms and their viruses

Pasteurization: destruction of all disease-producing microorganisms or reduction in spoilage microorganisms

Sterilization: killing or removal of all living organisms and their viruses

SewageSewage Disposal of unused or outdated antibiotics are flushed down the toilette

Ingested Antibiotics are not completely absorbed by the body and pass through as waste.

The waste then goes to the water treatment plant.

The treated water is then pumped into our water systems

How does it effect the natural eco-system?

Do we drink this water?

http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html

Disposal of unused or outdated antibiotics are flushed down the toilette

Ingested Antibiotics are not completely absorbed by the body and pass through as waste.

The waste then goes to the water treatment plant.

The treated water is then pumped into our water systems

How does it effect the natural eco-system?

Do we drink this water?

http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html

Runoff Runoff

Rivers and lakes are contaminated with urban effluent run off.

What do you use to wash your car?Do you use pesticides on your garden?

Agricultural run off from farms also have a greater antibiotic resistant bacterial populations. Why?

Rivers and lakes are contaminated with urban effluent run off.

What do you use to wash your car?Do you use pesticides on your garden?

Agricultural run off from farms also have a greater antibiotic resistant bacterial populations. Why?

Medical WasteMedical Waste Discharge from hospitals cause an increase in bacterial populations resistant to certain antibiotics

Both treated and untreated medical waste is disposed of in the domestic sewage systems

No other precautions are taken for these more denser disposal areas

Antibiotic sales total $8 billion each year

50 million pounds each year, with 25 million pounds prescribed to humans

Discharge from hospitals cause an increase in bacterial populations resistant to certain antibiotics

Both treated and untreated medical waste is disposed of in the domestic sewage systems

No other precautions are taken for these more denser disposal areas

Antibiotic sales total $8 billion each year

50 million pounds each year, with 25 million pounds prescribed to humans

Where are the other 25

million pounds of


Where are the other 25

million pounds of


Animal ProductsAnimal Products Antibiotics are often added to animal feeds and fishery waters to promote growth

As humans we are ingesting these antibiotics too and it is possible that antibacterial resistance is growing in our guts

There is also a release to open waters from aquaculture which contains medicated feed

There is the potential of release in the future from molecular farming

Bioaccumulation occurs and is stored in women's breast milk which is then fed to babies

Antibiotics are often added to animal feeds and fishery waters to promote growth

As humans we are ingesting these antibiotics too and it is possible that antibacterial resistance is growing in our guts

There is also a release to open waters from aquaculture which contains medicated feed

There is the potential of release in the future from molecular farming

Bioaccumulation occurs and is stored in women's breast milk which is then fed to babies

Fruits, Vegetables and Grains

Fruits, Vegetables and Grains

Approx. 300,000 pounds of antibiotics are used on plant production each year

The sprays help with bacterial infections, however, there are now resistant bacteria crops

Most of the antibiotics come off the produce and are washed into the soil ending up in the ground water

Approx. 300,000 pounds of antibiotics are used on plant production each year

The sprays help with bacterial infections, however, there are now resistant bacteria crops

Most of the antibiotics come off the produce and are washed into the soil ending up in the ground water

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

AssignmentAssignmentMicrobe News You are the producer of a local news program. Design

a ten-minute news story to tell about the dangers of antibiotics in the environment. Include examples of the diversity of antibiotics that are entering the environment and how they are dispersed. You can present the story in class, videotape it, record it, or create a Power Point demo, or hand it in as in the form of a journal or news paper article.

Minimum of 500 words

Each member of the group needs to hand in the answers to the questions below. Can work on them together or separately but must hand in or e-mail different copies

Should include portions from all three lessons of the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Hand washing lesson, storm drain lesson, and Dr.

guest speaker lesson) http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html

Microbe News You are the producer of a local news program. Design a ten-minute news story to tell about the dangers of antibiotics in the environment. Include examples of the diversity of antibiotics that are entering the environment and how they are dispersed. You can present the story in class, videotape it, record it, or create a Power Point demo, or hand it in as in the form of a journal or news paper article.

Minimum of 500 words

Each member of the group needs to hand in the answers to the questions below. Can work on them together or separately but must hand in or e-mail different copies

Should include portions from all three lessons of the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Hand washing lesson, storm drain lesson, and Dr.

guest speaker lesson) http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html

Questions refer to the article Microbes: What They Do & How Antibiotics Change Them

by Maura Meade-Callahan

Questions refer to the article Microbes: What They Do & How Antibiotics Change Them

by Maura Meade-Callahan 1. What effect does the use of antibacterial agents have on our

natural environment? Hypothesize how these agents will affect the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

2. How many products do you know about that are manufactured with the help of bacteria? Make a point form list.

3. What part of the article did you already know about? What part of the article was the most shocking to you?

4. Will the information gathered from the article and the three the lessons on the Good, The Bad and the Ugly of Antibiotics and Antibiotic products change any of your current behaviours? How and why?

5. Hypothesize what would happen if all bacteria in the world were destroyed.

6. What do you suggest would be an effective message on prescription antibiotic labels that would help consumers better understand antibiotic use?

1. What effect does the use of antibacterial agents have on our natural environment? Hypothesize how these agents will affect the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

2. How many products do you know about that are manufactured with the help of bacteria? Make a point form list.

3. What part of the article did you already know about? What part of the article was the most shocking to you?

4. Will the information gathered from the article and the three the lessons on the Good, The Bad and the Ugly of Antibiotics and Antibiotic products change any of your current behaviours? How and why?

5. Hypothesize what would happen if all bacteria in the world were destroyed.

6. What do you suggest would be an effective message on prescription antibiotic labels that would help consumers better understand antibiotic use?

The Good, The Bad and The Ugly of Antibiotics and Antibacterial Products

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