THE GLOBAL SOUTH. The Global South Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles...
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Transcript of THE GLOBAL SOUTH. The Global South Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles...
![Page 1: THE GLOBAL SOUTH. The Global South Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles GS Economic Development Tactics.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551b5c6d550346dd1a8b64e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE GLOBAL SOUTH
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The Global South
Who is the GS?Global Institutions & the GSDevelopment HurdlesGS Economic Development Tactics
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5 CATEGORIES OF
GS COUNTRIES
Who is the Global South?
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5 Categories of GS Countries
1. Emerging Markets Who are they? Growth Greater % of people
=middle class(>$10/day)
http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15172941
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5 Categories of GS Countries
2. Countries in Transition (CITs) Central and Eastern European (East bloc
Soviet satellites) Former Soviet Republics (FSRs) Growth rates differ
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5 Categories of GS Countries
3. Quasi-states Not self-sufficient 138 of 194 states= 71% are quasi-states
http://geocurrents.info/economic-geography/a-global-northsouth-division-in-the-demic-framework
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5 Categories of GS Countries
4. Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$46,500 Average GDP per capita of LLDCs at $750
Burundi , Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita
5. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) 40 countries, with 29 of those located in sub-Saharan
Africa Debt relief- HIPCs qualify
36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B Reliance on single cash crops
Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports
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Global Institutions & the GS
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Global Institutions & the GS
MNCsIGOs
IMF WB GATT WTO OECD G8 now G20
NGOs Representation by GS Representation on behalf of GS
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Development Hurdles
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Development Hurdles
Colonization; Neocolonialism Primary v. manufactured goods Price volatility Lack of national unity
Accrued debts in 1960s and 1970s Lack autonomy over debt management
Year Billion People % Extreme Poverty<$1.25/day
1981 1.94 BP 52%
2008 1.29 BP 22%
2011 1.1 BP 15%http://economy.money.cnn.com/2012/03/01/650-million-escape-extreme-poverty-thanks-china/ ; http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/gaef3313.doc.htm
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Development Hurdles
Promoting sustainable development Sustainable development expectations
Currency instabilityMarket isolation; lack of market integration
Need more trade liberalizationPolitical stabilityInfrastructure & institutionsGender equalityCorruptionEconomic sanctions
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Development Hurdles
Reliance on GN Foreign Aid Technology FDI
EmploymentRemittances
• China, India, Mexico, PhilippinesConflicting interests with GN
Self-interested actors
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Development Hurdles
Income Inequality Development income equality
More developed greater equality Less developed lesser equality Map on next slide
Stark exception is US Brazil: 10% control 51% of wealth Mexico & Argentina: 10% control 42% of
wealth http://en.mercopress.com/2010/03/27/gap-between-rich-and-poor-in-latinamerica-is-largest-in-the-world-says-un
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Income Inequality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gini_Coefficient_World_CIA_Report_2009.png
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Development Hurdles
Income Inequality (cont.)
Lower income inequality = higher growth rates Consequences of income inequality
Fewer people with resource access Economic opportunities tied to political
stability More susceptible to corruption Limited tax base to support government
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/chapter5.html
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INTERNAL & EXTERNAL POLICY STRATEGIES
GS Development Tactics
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GS Development Tactics
Internal Policy StrategiesImport substitutionNationalization of industriesEstablishing cartelsProtectionism
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GS Development Tactics
External Policy StrategiesRegional IGOs (ASEAN, Mercosur, SADC, SAARC, etc)International IGOs (Group of 77 {132}, NAM,
UNCTAD, etc)International pressure
Monetary reforms Trade reforms Development Economic sovereignty Economic aid
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Recap
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The Global South
Who is the GS?Global Institutions & the GSDevelopment HurdlesGS Economic Development Tactics