The Girls Own Paper

8/3/2019 The Girls Own Paper

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Selections from

1880-1907

Traditional domestic ideologiesVS.New Woman


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MLLCI English Culture 2

Contextualization(2nd half of the XIX century and beginn

Education increased with quality Wages also increased

Factory workers and artisans lived in thesuburbs with satisfactory conditions, ratherthan those workers in central London(unskilled workers)

Decline of family size


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Contextualization(2nd half of the XIX century and beginning ocont.

Changes in womens conditions 3groups:

1. Artisan group (printers, workers inprecious metals, bookbinders, manyskilled construction workers)

2. The bulk of the factory labour force3. Traditional poor


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Life of the working-class was bad. That ledto sloppy housework.

Women had great responsibilities at home:Money, shopping, paying the rent, buyingclothes, keeping up insurance paymentsand overseeing school expenses for theirchildren.


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Education was obligatory, so women hadmore free time.

But education led to: Children criticising their parents traditions; Mothers losing control over their male children

(streets)


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Decline in the child mortality amongfactory workers (emotional attachment butalso despair)

New employment opportunities Women spent their money on:

Candies, clothing, recreation (after marriagewomen lost their social life);

Savings for marriage.


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Disadvantages of the quick spread offactory employment: Low payments convinced working-women that

they were inferior; General public regarded them with disfavour; Competition at work between men and

women; Job tensions


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Working-class wife was not suppose to work New concerns for freedom, dignity and equality

Suffragette movements (in 1897 was

constituted the National Union of Women'sSuffrage Societies) 1910- Labour Movement (strikes, Trade Unions) In 1918 women at the age of 30(or more) could

vote In 1928 women at the age of 21 (or more) could

vote.


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New legislation: Property ownership Marriage and divorce Custody of children Crime and punishment Business Employment and franchisement


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Girls periodicals Young Ladies Magazine of Theology (1838) English Girls Journal and Ladies magazine (1863 -

64) The Young English Woman (1864-77)

The Young Ladies Journal (1864 -1920) Girl of the Period Miscellany(1869) Every Girls Magazine (1878 -88)

The Girls Own Paper (1880-1907) Atlanta( 1887-98) The Girls Realm (1898 -1915)


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The new girl culture, manifested in a range ofnovels, periodicals, sports, and leisure activities,was both a market response to and the producerof a newly self-conscious class of young femaleswho inhabit an evolving period of adolescentopportunity, neither children nor wives andmothers.

New Woman


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The New Woman was usually caricatured as an ugly,

often mannish, bitter and unhappyspinster. She was the opposite of thewomanly woman, who embodied thevirtues of feminine self-sacrifice anddevotion to the family, A true angel in the

house


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The child: How will she deve1894 The good girl The bad girl it shows that woman can purseeducation yet remain womanly it shows that the New Woman, she whodresses in mannish clothing and engagesin sexual warfareis not an appropriaterole model for the Girls Own reader.


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Household management Household economy, cooking, needlework

and managing servants. Articles for newlyweds but most of them

were for unmarried girls, promoting thevalue of domestic life.

E.g.: LONDONS FUTURE HOUSEWIVES AND THEIR TEACHERS


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Conduct Articles of etiquette for the main audience:

lower middle-class (on how to presentthemselves to the society).

Conduct after the social changes followingVictorias death and Edward VIIsascension.

E.g.: TO GIRLS IN THEIR TEENS


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Self-culture Guides for reading, sheet music for

instruments and vocals and competitionfor writing and fancy needlework.

Clubs (recreation). Self-culture seen as a preparation for

married life and motherhood.

E.g.: HOW TO IMPROVE ONES EDUCATION


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Education Progressive in detailing educational

opportunities. Secondary and post secondary education.

By the turn of the century the magazinebegan focusing on new opportunities intechnical and professional training.

E.g.: THE BATTERSA POLYTECHNIC


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Work Traditional feminine works (teaching,

nursing, decorative arts). New professions (book-keepers, clerks,

journalists, pharmacists) Tips for success in the workplace. Domestic service as a profession.

E.g.: DOMESTIC SERVICE AS APROFESSION FOR GENTLEWOMEN


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Independent living After 1880s articles on independent living

started to be published. Readers who werepursuing new professions in cities could not stayat home.

How to find accommodation, legalresponsibilities of tenancy, economy for singlegirls

E.g.: SIXTY POUND PER ANNUM, AND HOW I LIVE UPON IT


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Health and sport Healthy body, healthy mind. Eat healthily , rest, take some exercise

and avoid mental strain. Being healthy was a synonym of being

beautiful. The abandonment of the corsets for health

reasons.

Cycling.

E.g.: THE DRESS FOR BICYCLING


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Magazines in the U.K. Allure Better Homes & Gardens Cooking Light

Cosmopolitan Elle Vogue http://allyoucanread.com/top-10-womens-

magazines/ ()


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Magazines in Portugal Tabloids

Caras, Lux Feminine magazines

Mxima, Mulher Portuguesa Decoration magazines

Mxima Interiores, Mobilirio em Notcia Social magazines

Pais e Filhos http://www.leme.pt/revistas/ ()

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