The Gilded Age
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Transcript of The Gilded Age
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The Gilded Age
Chapter 6
Section 3
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The Gilded Age 1870-1900
• Phrase coined by Mark Twain
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Individualism
• Belief that anyone could be a great success if they worked hard enough
• Horatio Alger
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Darwinism
• Theory of evolution
• The strong survive and reproduce, the weak do not
• Natural Selection
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Opponents
• Christians opposed Darwinism
• Why?
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Social Darwinism
• Survival of the fittest
• Herbert Spencer Combined Darwin’s theories and the Protestant Ethic
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Gospel of Wealth
• Carnegie’s philosophy of giving back
• Philanthropy to help the poor better themselves
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Realism
• Artists and Writers tried to portray the world realistically
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• “The Gross Clinic”
• By Thomas Eakins
• Why do you think this painting was controversial?
• (Collins writing: Type 1-three lines)
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Mark Twain
• Realist author
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From The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• “’Say, who is you? Whar is you? Dog my cats ef I didn’ hear sumf’n. Well, I know what I’s gwyne to do: I’s gwyne to set down here and listen tell I hears it agin.’”
• So he set down on the ground betwixt me and Tom. He leaned his back up against a tree, and stretched his legs out till one of the most touched one of mine. My nose begun to itch. It itched till the tears come into my eyes. But I dasn’t scratch. Then it begun to itch on the inside. Next I got to itching underneath. I didn’t know how I was going to set still. This miserableness went on as much as six or seven minutes; but it seemed a sight longer than that.”
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Do Now
• Answer the following in complete sentences.
• Why do you think some people are opposed to tariffs (taxes on imports)?
• Why do some people support tariffs?– Collins Writing Type 2
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Popular Culture
• People had more disposable income
• Began to spend it on recreation and entertainment
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The Saloon
• Free toilets, newspapers, water for horses
• Drinks, free lunch
• Served as political centers
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Sports
• Baseball
• Football
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Most Popular Spectator Sports
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Vaudeville
• Entertainment with animal shows, skits and dancers
• Vaudeville act
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Ragtime
• Music that started in cities’ red light districts
• Scott Joplin– Maple Leaf Rag
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Patronage• giving government jobs to people who help
a candidate get elected
• Spoils System-winning candidates deserved the spoils of victory
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Civil Service
• system to replace the Spoils System
• jobs would be given to people based on merit
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Rutherford B. Hayes
• Republican who Became President 1876
• Wanted to do away with Spoils System
• Received no support from Congress
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Republican Party Splits
• Stalwarts: want to keep Spoils System
• Halfbreeds: want reform, stay loyal to party
• Mugwumps: Republicans who leave to support reformers
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James A. Garfield
• Republican elected in 1880
• Wanted reform, gave patronage jobs to reformers
• Chester A. Arthur V.P. (Stalwart)
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Garfield Assassinated
• July 2, 1881-Garfield shot in D.C. train station
• Charles Guiteau-assassin, Garfield turned him down for a job
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Pendleton Act
• Arthur turned reformer, passed Pendleton Act in 1883
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Grover Cleveland
• Democrat elected President in 1884
• Pushed by Mugwumps to protect more jobs with civil service
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Interstate Commerce Act
• Cleveland signed in 1887
• Regulated Railroads and set up the Interstate Commerce Commission
• Rebates
• Long haul vs. short haul
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Tariffs
• People wanted to lower tariffs to lower prices
• Cleveland lowered them some, but Republicans blocked most change
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Benjamin Harrison
• Republican elected in 1888
• Received money from industrialists who liked tariffs
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McKinley Tariff
• Raised tariffs to their highest level ever
• Angered Americans
• Harrison lost in 1892
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Sherman Anti-trust Act
• Passed in 1890
• Tried to break up trusts, but was too weak and vaguely worded
• Mostly used against unions
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Challenging Social Darwinism
• Henry George author– Said Laissez
faire was making society worse
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Lester Frank Ward
• Wrote Dynamic Sociology 1883
• Reform Darwinism: people had become successful because of cooperation not competition
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Edward Bellamy
• Wrote Looking Backward
• A book about socialism
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Naturalism
• A new form of literature that challenged Social Darwinism
• Some people failed because of the circumstances in their lives
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The Social Gospel
• People can be saved through service to the poor
• Led to churches providing many community services
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The Salvation Army
• Gave practical aid and religious counseling to the poor
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YMCA
• Young Men’s Christian Association
• Bible studies, citizenship training, and group activities
• Also gave men a place to live
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The Settlement House Movement
• Community centers in poor neighborhoods– Medical care, kindergartens, English classes
• Hull House– Opened in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889
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Public Education
• More educated workers were needed
• Schools Americanized children