The game of_go
-
Upload
vince-azarcon -
Category
Entertainment & Humor
-
view
301 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The game of_go
![Page 1: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Game of Go
“Gentlemen should not waste their time on trivial games -- they should play go.”-- Confucius,The Analectsca. 500 B. C. E.
Anton Ninno Roy Laird, [email protected] [email protected]
special thanks to Kiseido Publications
![Page 2: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Go has several names. The Chinese call it wei-chi, also spelled weiqi. In Korea it’s baduk. Westerners generally use the Japanese word term i-go, or just go, because Japanese pioneers like Kaoru Iwamoto supported American go in the early days.
JAPAN CHINA KOREA
![Page 3: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE MOST POPULAR GAMEIN THE WORLD TODAY
Millions of fans in Japan, China, KoreaTop players earn millionsInternational tournaments pay up to $400K
![Page 4: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THREE CLASSIC GAMESBACKGAMMON: Man vs. fateElement of chanceRisk/gambling (doubling cube)
CHESS: Man vs. manWar paradigm“Perfect information”Attack -- Total victory
GO: Man vs. selfOpen paradigmShare -- victory by one point“Personal best”
![Page 5: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE ULTIMATE MERITOCRACY
“Go is the one game in which . . . everyone starts out equal, everyone begins with an empty board and with no limitations, and what happens thereafter is . . . only the quality of your own mind.”
-- William Pinckard, “Go and the Three Games “in The Go Player’s Almanac
![Page 6: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The traditional go board has a 19-line grid. Beginners play on small 9 or 13-line boards.
![Page 7: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Go boards are made of wood. The pieces are called stones. The best stones are made of clamshell and slate, but glass stones are less expensive. Goodstones are usually kept in wooden bowls. The lids are used to holdany captured stones.
![Page 8: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Players take turns putting stones on the 361 intersections made by the 19-line grid. Black goes first. Nine handicap points are used to balance players of unequal skill. Each intersection is a point of territory, and each captured stone is also worth one point.
![Page 9: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Go players hold the stones between their first and middle fingers, like chopsticks. They snap them down on the board with a sharp click.
![Page 10: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The goal is to surround more points of territory than your opponent. Players may surround and capture their opponent’s stones.
![Page 11: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
To be safe from capture, a group of stones must have two eyes, meaning two or more, separate empty intersections inside its walls.
![Page 12: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Players stake out the territory they want, and then they fight and build walls to keep it.
![Page 13: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The game is over when neither player can find anything else to do. Beginners often find it difficult to know when a game is over. Each player rearranges the opponent’s territory to make counting easy.
![Page 14: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GO AND CHESS
A Comparison Larger board, more plays per game (200-300 vs. 50-60)Strategic vs. tacticalSimpler rules; all pieces are equalBecomes more complex as pieces fill the boardBlends competition with other elementsWin by one point, not total destructionUniversal ranks -- any two can play No stalemates or draws -- a winner every time
![Page 15: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
CHESS GO
Opening (Fuseki) Control the center Stake your claim
Middle (Chuban) Gain tactical, material
advantage
Defend, dispute claims
Endgame (Yose) Close in for the kill Finish the details
![Page 16: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DEPTH OF COMPLEXITY
Árpád Élo43 levels
![Page 17: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
COMPUTERS CAN’T PLAY!Go is so complex that the best
programs routinely lose to talented children. Computer programmers call it “the last refuge of human intelligence.”
![Page 18: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Because the board is empty at the start of the game, the stronger player can
give his opponent a “head start” to even things out. Nearly any two opponents can play a game that either of them
could win..
HANDICAP: THE GREAT EQUALIZER
![Page 19: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
COMMERCIAL PROGRAMSStrongest ones are 6-8 kyuBest ones make studying fun -- problems, gamesRecord and study your own games
![Page 20: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
UNIVERSAL RANKING SYSTEMSimilar to martial arts, golfRank yourself by playing ranked opponentsAll serious players know their rankHonest players will lose half of their gamesUltimately players compete with themselves
![Page 21: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
GO ETIQUETTEPlay to the opponent’s right hand“Thank you for teaching me”Prisoners in the lidCount the opponent's territoryReturn your stones to the bowl
![Page 22: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GO ON THE INTERNETFREE!At least 1000 online any time of day or nightAnonymous playRatings are 3-5 stones lower
![Page 23: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FREE SOFTWAREIgowin -- http://www.smart-games.com/igowin.htmlHandtalk -- http://www.yutopian.com/go/GnuGo (open source) -- http://www.gnu.org/software/gnugo/gnugo.htmlGame collections -- www.usgo.org/resources/internet.asp
![Page 24: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TIME CONTROLRegular time plus overtime (byo-yomi)Asian style: x periods of y seconds eachCanadian style: x stones in y minutes
![Page 25: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INTERNET GO SERVERThe original -- since 1991500+ participants online at all timesMany strong playersSimulcast important tournamentsEveryone sees everyone
![Page 26: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
KISEIDO GO SERVER400-1000 players of all levels at any timeRoom-based environmentJava-based -- runs on everything
![Page 27: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
OTHER SERVERSYAHOO! GAMES: 250-500 players at a time, including lots of beginners and others who like to play on a 9x9 board.
ASIAN SERVERS: Some sites in China, Korea and Japan are enabled -- to varying degrees -- in English
TURN-BASED SERVERS: Leave a message with your next move instead of playing in “real time”
Find them all at www.usgo.org/resources/servers.asp
![Page 28: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ADVICE FOR BEGINNERS
Play quickly -- “lose 100 games”Play stronger opponentsAsk for commentsAvoid repetitive thinking -- just try somethingKeep your stones connected -- separate WhiteThink before ignoring a stronger player’s move
![Page 29: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Go is at least 2000 years old, probably much older. No one knows where it came from. Some people think the board and stones were originally used to foretell the
future, or as a calculator.
![Page 30: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Painting with 17x17 boardca. 690 A.C.E.
“When you and I discuss philosophy, it is as if we play go. If you do not answer, I will swallow you up.”
-- Zen Master Hongzhi ca. 700 A.C.E.
![Page 31: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
THE FOUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
During China’s “golden age” (the Tang and Song dynasties ca. 700-1400 A.D.) the cultured person mastered four skills: painting, calligraphy, lute-playing and go.
attributed to Kano Shoei (1519 - 1592)
![Page 32: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THE “MINISTER OF GO”Tokugawa Ieyesu, the first shogun, established four “houses” to study go and compete in annual “Castle Games” of great national importance. Each year’s winner became the go-doroko (“Minister of go”), occupying a cabinet-level position in the government.
![Page 33: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
This fan from ca. 1800 shows two Chinese men playing go while a young man looks on.
![Page 34: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Go became a common theme in 19th century ukiyo-e prints. Here, Tadanobu, a famous samurai, fights off his enemies with a go board.
![Page 35: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In this scene from The Tale of Genji, two women reminisce about the brief relationships with the Prince while playing go, and find peace.
![Page 36: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
General Kuan Yu, the hero of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, plays go while a surgeon attends his battle wounds. This ukiyo-e is by Katsushika Oi, daughter of the great Japanese master Hokusai,
![Page 37: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Repelling demons while playing go. (1861)
![Page 38: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Playing go with a demon (ca. 1835)
![Page 39: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
WITH GO MAKE FRIENDSThis scroll, commissioned by an American traveler in Beijing’s Tian’anmen Square, uses the traditional Chinese four-character proverb format to say that when friends play go, their playing strengths and their friendship both get stronger.
![Page 40: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CHAIRMAN MAO ON GO“[War is] like a game of weiqi . . . Strongholds built by the enemy and bases by us resemble moves to dominate spaces on the board.”
-- Selected Military Writings
![Page 41: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
HENRY KISSINGER ON GO
“Chess has only two outcomes: draw and checkmate. The objective of the game . . . is total victory or defeat – and the battle is conducted head-on, in the center of the board. The aim of go is relative advantage; the game is played all over the board, and the objective is to increase one's options and reduce those of the adversary. The goal is less victory than persistent strategic progress.”
-- Newsweek, 11/8/04
![Page 42: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
“Competition . . . [is] about positioning yourself wisely over time, not wiping the other guy out on specific products. I approach competition like the Chinese board game go. You see where the other players have put their chips, and decide where to put your chips.”
-- John Reed, Chairman, CiticorpHarvard Business Review December 1990
CITICORP CEO JOHN REED ON GO
![Page 43: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
THE WAY OF GOTroy Andersen
• Global Local
• Owe Save
• Slack Taut
• Reverse Forward
• Us Them
• Lead Follow
• Expand Focus
![Page 44: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Master of Go, Yasunari Kawabata’s poignant chronicle of this historic 1938 game between the last honinbo and a brilliant young upstart, won the Nobel Prize for literature.
![Page 45: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A BEAUTIFUL GAMERussell Crowe plays brilliant, unstable mathematician John Nash in A Beautiful Mind, Oscar-winner for Best Picture of 2001. In real life, Nash is a charter member of The American Go Association.
![Page 46: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Trevanian’s 1979 best-seller chronicles the life of Nicholai Hel, orphaned during WW I and raised by a Japanese go master to become the world’s most accomplished assassin.
![Page 47: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Go Masters, an epic tale of an enduring friendship between two great players -- one Chinese, the other Japanese -- during World War II , brought Japanese and Chinese film teams together for the first time. It achieved wide popularity but is not currently available.
![Page 48: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
In Pi, a cult classic, a demented mathematician tries to find a formula for the universe, using a go board.
![Page 49: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
HIKARU NO GOIn this popular “coming-of-age” story, the ghost of a famous player guides our hero to the pinnacle of the go world -- or does he?
![Page 50: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
GO IN AMERICAChinese immigrants probably played the first games in North America among themselves here in the 1800’s.
![Page 51: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Japanese professionals such as Kaoru Iwamoto 9-dan helped early US players, and The American Go Association was formed in 1937. Most major US cities have go clubs.
![Page 52: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
THE IWAMOTO CENTER
Mr. Iwamoto was in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. After seeing the results of first atomic bomb, he vowed to spread international peace and understanding through go. He established Go Centers in New York, Seattle, Amsterdam and Rio de Janeiro.
![Page 53: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
IT’S A BIG CHALLENGEThe number of possible go games has been estimated at 10761 (OMNI, June 1991), far more than the number of subatomic particles in the known universe.
![Page 54: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Estimate based on current performanceTo get a rating? Play in a rated tournamentOnline ratings -- 3-5 ranks lower
RATINGS
![Page 55: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
HOW DO YOU KNOW YOUR RANK?
Beginners start at +/- 30-35 kyuKadoban -- win three in a row = -1 rank>1 kyu = shodan (black belt, “new master”)7-dan is the highest official amateur rank, but some 7-dans are stronger than othersPro ranks (Japan, China, Korea): 1-9 dan
![Page 56: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
WHAT ABOUT EVEN GAMES?
Evenly matched players choose for color -- one takes a handful of stones, the other guesses “odd” or “even” by placing one or two stones on the board: the winner takes BlackBlack pays White 6.5 points komi for the privilege of making the first move
![Page 57: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
GO IN THE WESTERN WORLD
Did not transfer to Western culture
“Outside the box” -- non-Western thought
Lacks a decisive ending
No culture-specific spinoffs
![Page 58: The game of_go](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070320/55865dded8b42a2d108b46f2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Many books and websites want to help you learn about go. American Go Association - www.usgo.org