The Future Use of Natural Gas as Vessel Fuel (Illustration by I.M. Skaugen) Ken SmithMarine Chemist...
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Transcript of The Future Use of Natural Gas as Vessel Fuel (Illustration by I.M. Skaugen) Ken SmithMarine Chemist...
The Future Use of Natural Gas as Vessel Fuel(Illustration by I.M. Skaugen)
Ken Smith Marine Chemist Association's
Asst. Division Chief - General Engineer 54th Annual Seminar
Office of Vessel and Facility Operating Standards Chicago, IL
U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters 14 August, 2012
Outline
LNG Marine Activity Past and Present Driving Factors LNG Interests Delivery Options Regulations and Standards Gaps
2003 - 2007 Outlook
0
5
10
15
20
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Source: EIA - Annual Energy Outlook 2005
LNG Imports (BCF)
Driving Factors for use of LNG
Lower cost compared to ultra low sulpher marine diesel
ECA (Emission Control Area) requirements:
Maximum level of sulphur in fuel, all ships: 10,000 ppm by 1st July 2010 1,000 ppm by 1st January 2015
Nitrogen emission for newbuilds: 80% reduction in NOx emission
from 2016 on.
Shore Supply - Permanent
Fixed storage tanksHard piping to pierRegulated 33 CFR Part 127
Design
Equipment
Operations
Maintenance
Training
Firefighting
Security
Hot Work Permits
NFPA 59A - IBR
Shore Supply - Mobile
Tank TrucksHose connectionsArea where transfer takes place - Regulated 33 CFR Part 127
- Same Requirements ApplyTank Truck regulated by
- DOT/PHMSA 33 CFR Part 177
Vessel Supply
46 CFR Subchapter “D” Tank Vessel Regs
Classification Rules IMO IGC Code Vessel using LNG as fuel
covered by Policy
What’s Not Covered by US Regs LNG Fuel System Details Operational
Procedures for Bunkering
Personnel Training
Interface between supplier and receiver
What Exists Elsewhere? IMO – IGC Code
Rules for Bunkering Vessel IMO – IGF Code
Rules for Vessel using Gas as Fuel SIGGTO
Guidelines for LNG Transfer Classification Society Rules
ABS, DNV, LR, GL Swedish Marine Technology Forum
LNG Ship to Ship Bunkering Procedures ISO (Under Development)
Guidelines for Systems and Installations for Supply of LNG
USCG Current Approach
Coast Guard analysis has been on a Case-By-Case Basis
● Concepts have used IMO Interim Guidelines as a baseline standard
● Additional requirements tailored to each specific review
● Design Basis – framework of standards and requirements
Equivalent level of safety to Title 46 CFR
Bridging Gaps
Design Shore - 33 CFR Part 127 + Policy Ltr Ship – IMO Guidelines + Policy Ltr pointing to 46
CFR cites Policy (Until regs are developed)
CG-ENG 01-12 (Ship – published 4/19/2012) CG-OES XX-12 (Ops & Trng – Under development)
CG-ENG 01-12 Policy Letter
Establishes design criteria for natural gas fuel systems that provides an equivalent level of safety compared to traditionally fueled vessels designed to US regulations
Outlined to align section by section with IMO Res. MSC.285(86) Provides direction to specific US standards (e.g. ASME B31.3, ASME
BPV Code, ANSI, NFPA, etc.) Provides direction to specific US regulations (e.g. 46 CFR Part 56,
154) Establishes requirements beyond those required by IMO in several
areas (e.g. gas detection, testing of gas tanks and gas piping) Rulemaking underway to establish regs based on current policy
CG-OES Policy Letter
Interim guidelines for fuel transfer operations and training for personnel working on vessels that use natural gas as fuel
Specifies acceptable fuel sources Aligns with existing regs concerning fuel transfer procedures (33 CFR
Part 154, 155, and 156) Aligns with existing regs concerning LNG waterfront facilities (33
CFR Part 127) Aligns with IMO Res. MSC Circ.285(86) & Swedish Marine Forum Requires Operations, Maintenance, Training, and Emergency Manuals Outlines requirements for personnel training & PIC quals Policy is going through internal clearance Concepts to be part of Rulemaking effort
References
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), http://www.eia.gov/
American Clean Skies Foundation, Natural Gas for Marine Vessels: U.S. Market Opportunities by M.J. Bradley & Associates, April 2012, http://www.cleanskies.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Marine_Vessels_Final_forweb.pdf
Swedish Marine Technology Forum, LNG ship to ship bunkering procedures, Linde Cryo AB | FKAB Marine Design, Det Norske Veritas AS, LNG GOT, and White Smoke AB, http://www.smtf.se/fileadmin/documents/LNG02_projektrapport_appendix_www.pdf Danish Maritime Authority, Full Report – Northern European LNG Infrastructure Project, A Feasibility Study for an LNG Filling Station Infrastructure and Test of Recommendations, www.dma.dk/News/Sider/FinalReport.aspx Marintek, Norweigian Marine Technology Research Institute, LNG as a Fuel for Ships in Short Sea Shipping, www.sintef.no/upload/MARINTEK/Review 2-2009/MR-2_2009.pdf DNV Presentation, The Age of LNG is Here, Most Cost Efficient Solution for ECAs, www.cleantech.cnss.no/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/2010-DNV-The-age-of-LNG-is-here.pdf DNV, Article, LNG Fuel Supply to the Ship Side, I.M. Skaugen’s vision for an ECA port in the near future, http://www.dnv.com/industry/maritime/publicationsanddownloads/publications/updates/ferry/2010/01_2010/lngfuelsupplytotheshipside.asp