The Future of Wireless and First Responders

Juan Deaton Cellular Systems EngineerNational and Homeland Security DirectorateIdaho National LabPhone: (208) 526-8589 Email: juan.deaton@inl.govWeb: www.inl.gov

INL/CON-08-13699

Wireless Technology and First Responder

Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless

Subscriber Growth

50M

100M

150M

200M

250M

300M

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Number of Subscribers

Source: CTIA

Cellular Statistics

?

Pop of the US~300 Million

Cellular UsersCellular Users~250 Million~250 Million

~81% Penetration~81% Penetration

First Responders in US~2.5 Million

Average Life of Average Life of a Cell Phone :a Cell Phone :1414--18 Months18 Months

Source: CTIA, WiFi Alliance

2007 Financial Comparison

Annual Revenues of Cellular Industry

$154 Billion

Capital Investment$23.6 Billion

DHS 2007 program budget

$35.6 Billion$1B

DHS Grants for Interoperability

$3B

Public WiFi Annual Revenue

Source: CTIA, Homeland Defense Journal, WiFi Alliance

CDMA Cellular Coverage

Map Legend Broadband Enhanced Services Extended Enhanced Services No Coverage

Map Legend Digital Coverage Analog Coverage No Coverage

Source: Verizon Wireless

GSM and 3G Coverage

Source: GSM Association

WiFi Coverage

Data Rates Evolution

10k

100k

1M

10M

100M

1G

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Speed bps

2010

TETRA P25

GSMIS-95A

IS-95BGPRS

EDGE

1xEVDO A

1xEVDO

LTE

HSPAUMTS

CDMA 1x

WiFi

Handset Sales

Source: Strategy Analytics, Inc. - January 2006

Technology Families/Trends3GPP2

3GPP

Voice Core

Voice Core

Time

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

TerminalsMulti-ModeMobiles

SIP-Mobiles Home GatewaysWiFi Mobiles

Now2G 3G 4G

Core IMS/MMSSIP

802.11a/g

802.11b

802.16

PacketCore

EV-DO

EV-DO-A

IS-95A/B

1X

cdma2000

UMB

UMTS

HSDPA

HSUPA

LTE

Major US Operators (October 2007)Operator Technology Subscribers

(millions)

AT&T HSDPA, UMTS, EDGE, GPRS, GSM, TDMA 65.7

Verizon WirelessCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA 63.7

Sprint Nextel Includes Sprint Network, Nextel Network, and Boost Mobile Prepaid

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA (Sprint PCS), WiDEN, iDEN (Nextel) 54.0

T-Mobile UMA, EDGE, GPRS, GSM 26.9

AlltelCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA, AMPS 12.447

TracFone Includes NET10 GSM, CDMA, TDMA 8.803

U.S. Cellular CDMA2000 1x, CDMA, TDMA 6.010

Virgin MobileCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA 5.2

MetroPCS CDMA 3.66

Source: Operator Quarterly Reports

Wireless Technology and First Responder

Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless

Operator MigrationsOperator Current Technology Migrating to:

TDMA, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA LTE

IS-95, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO LTE

IS-95, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO WiDEN, iDEN WiMax

GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WiFiLTE ????

IS-95, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO ????

AT&T25%

Verizon Wireless25%Sprint Nextel

22%

T-Mobile USA10%

Alltel5%

Other13% AT&T

25%

Verizon Wireless25%Sprint Nextel

22%

T-Mobile USA10%

Alltel5%

Other13%

Current Subscriber Market Share

Source: Carrier Press Releases

WiMax

258,000 Subscribers

Source: Sprint, Clearwire and Analysts

700 MHz Auction757 763 775 787 793 805

A B C D E A B C C A D B C A D B

CH. 52

CH. 53

CH. 54

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CH. 60

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CH. 63

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757 763 775 787 793 805

A B C D E A B C C D C D

CH. 52

CH. 53

CH. 54

CH. 55

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CH. 57

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CH. 59

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CH. 69

698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806

Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type LicensesA 698-704, 728-734 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz EA 176B 704-710, 734-740 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*E 722-728 6 MHz unpaired EA 176C 746-757, 776-787 22 MHz 2 x 11 MHz REAG 12D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**A 757-758, 787-788 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***B 775-776, 805-806 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***

**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi

- -- -

C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*

-C -D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**

- --

*Blocks have been auctioned.**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi

Lower 700 MHz Band Channels 52-59

PublicSafety

PublicSafety

Upper 700 MHz Band Channels 60-69

757 763 775 787 793 805

C D E A B C C D C D

CH. 52

CH. 53

CH. 54

CH. 55

CH. 56

CH. 57

CH. 58

CH. 59

CH. 60

CH. 61

CH. 62

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757 763 775 787 793 805

C D C D D

CH. 52

CH. 53

CH. 54

CH. 55

CH. 56

CH. 57

CH. 58

CH. 59

CH. 60

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CH. 69

698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806

Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type LicensesA 698-704, 728-734 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz EA 176B 704-710, 734-740 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*E 722-728 6 MHz unpaired EA 176C 746-757, 776-787 22 MHz 2 x 11 MHz REAG 12D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**A 757-758, 787-788 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***B 775-776, 805-806 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***

**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi***Guard Bands blocks have been auctioned, but are being relocated

- -- -

C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz CMAD 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG

-C -D - -793 10 MHz Nationwide 1**

- --

*Blocks have been auctioned.**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership

Lower 700 MHz Band Channels 52-59

PublicSafety

PublicSafety

Upper 700 MHz Band Channels 60-69

Source: FCC

700 MHz Major playersC Block

D Block

What will 700 MHz Technologies be?Likely LTE if cellular providers winIf Google Wins, WiMax?

Source: RCR Wireless

Wireless Technology and First Responder

Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless

System of Systems

Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1

EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network

Public Safety Communications DeviceInterface capability

Qwerty Keyboard, real or virtualCamera Adequate Screen SizeStylus/Touch Screen

Wireless CapabilitiesWireless Broadband (3G or 4G)WiFi Bluetooth GPS Receiver

Estimated Future Expected Cost*

~$500 Device~$50-$100 Monthly Service/Device

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP

S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00

*Based on current services and estimates for additional services

System of Systems

Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1

EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network

Personal Area Networks (PAN)

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP

S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ P

S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0

W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP

S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..

space

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00

PSCD

Laptop

Vehicle

Cameras

Biometrics

Equipment

System of Systems

Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1

EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network

Incident Area Communications

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

WiFi

Dual Mode Device Capabilities

Direct Mode

Cell Tower

Ad Hoc WiFi (802.11)

Ad Hoc WiFi (802.11)

PTT Ad Hoc Network

System of Systems

Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1

EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network

Jurisdictional Area Networks Static NetsCity PoliceFire-2EMS-1

Local NetsCity PoliceFire-2EMS-1

CITY POLICE

Static NetsCounty Police

Visiting Nets

COUNTY POLICE

County Police

EMS-2

City Police

System of Systems

Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1

EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network

Extended Area Network

Basic Services you should expect

Service Description

Push to Talk Voice Common Net Traffic used in current LMR Systems

Status DataPeriodic updates to centeralized data base for biometrics, GPS Location Info, Equipment Data

Instant Messaging Text Messages between responders

Streaming Video/DataStill pictures or real streaming video. Real time

biometric data feed.E-mail E-Mail w/ Attachments

Web BrowsingAccess to Maps, Geolocation Data, Building Layouts, Medical and Criminal information

Full Duplex Voice PSTN Phone Call

EMS Scenario

A34

Item QtyItem 1 5Item 3 2

Order

IAN

Activate A34

EMS Scenario

Confirm

Deny

EMS Scenario

EMS Scenario

EAN

Hospital ER

INTERNET

ER LAN

New Technology ConcernsGrowing Pains

Training, Initial Deployments

Costs vs. BenefitsHow will the costs be different?What benefits will be provided me?

Service Provider?Full Package = Devices + Network + Host Based Services

Summary and ConculsionsWireless Past and Present

Size Matters

Wireless FutureMajor LTE deploymentsNiche Markets for WiMax

First Responders and WirelessPANs, IANs, JANs, EANs