The Future of the Sahel Phil Dobie, Antoine Kalinganire and Jules Bayala World Agroforestry Centre
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Transcript of The Future of the Sahel Phil Dobie, Antoine Kalinganire and Jules Bayala World Agroforestry Centre
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The Future of the SahelThe Future of the Sahel
Phil Dobie, Antoine Kalinganire and Jules Bayala
World Agroforestry Centre
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Rising population Rising population implies increasing food implies increasing food demandsdemands
Poor farming practicesPoor farming practices
Overgrazing and Overgrazing and excessive tillage leave excessive tillage leave exposed soils to exposed soils to erosion and increased erosion and increased water loss due to water loss due to runoffrunoff
Land, forests and tree Land, forests and tree tenuretenure
Loss of biodiversityLoss of biodiversity
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Rising population Rising population implies increasing food implies increasing food demandsdemands
Poor farming practicesPoor farming practices
Overgrazing and Overgrazing and excessive tillage leave excessive tillage leave exposed soils to exposed soils to erosion and increased erosion and increased water loss due to water loss due to runoffrunoff
Land, forests and tree Land, forests and tree tenuretenure
Loss of biodiversityLoss of biodiversity
More people means more More people means more labour and productivitylabour and productivity
Improve in response to Improve in response to crisiscrisis
Existing land Existing land management practices management practices built on faulty built on faulty “knowledge”: animals “knowledge”: animals and trees vitaland trees vital
Must respond to needMust respond to need
Integrated livestock and Integrated livestock and farming systemsfarming systems
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
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Fragile environment with Fragile environment with sparse vegetative coversparse vegetative cover
70% area is already 70% area is already naturally degraded to naturally degraded to different extents different extents
Limited arable land Limited arable land resourcesresources
Recurrent droughtsRecurrent droughts
Sahelian areas and people Sahelian areas and people are under continuous are under continuous threat from land threat from land degradation, degradation, desertification, food desertification, food insecurity and povertyinsecurity and poverty
Trees, grass, cereals, Trees, grass, cereals, legumeslegumes
Restoration of Restoration of environment for environment for productionproduction
Maximize productionMaximize production
Water penetrationWater penetration
Transform landscapes to Transform landscapes to transform livelihoodstransform livelihoods
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Challenges for the SahelChallenges for the Sahel
55
Fragile environment with Fragile environment with sparse vegetative coversparse vegetative cover
70% area is already 70% area is already naturally degraded to naturally degraded to different extents different extents
Limited arable land Limited arable land resourcesresources
Recurrent droughtsRecurrent droughts
Sahelian areas and people Sahelian areas and people are under continuous are under continuous threat from land threat from land degradation, degradation, desertification, food desertification, food insecurity and povertyinsecurity and poverty
Trees, grass, cereals, Trees, grass, cereals, legumeslegumes
Restoration of Restoration of environment for environment for productionproduction
Maximize productionMaximize production
Water penetrationWater penetration
Transform landscapes to Transform landscapes to transform livelihoodstransform livelihoods
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Animal production
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• Fodder for animals• Increase biodiversity• Fruit production• Traditional medicine• Increased soil fertility• Decreased soil erosion• Reduced wind speed• Increased crop yields• Increased water infiltration• Decrease in temperature• Inexpensive and easy to adopt• Increase in biomass and carbon• Contribute to mitigating and adapting to climate change
Trees on farms Trees on farms
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Sustainable land & soil Sustainable land & soil managementmanagement
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Improved fallow Improved fallow systems, introduction systems, introduction of leguminous cover of leguminous cover crops, help restoring crops, help restoring soil fertility to degraded soil fertility to degraded landslandsTrees when Trees when
intercropped with intercropped with crops crops add nutrients and add nutrients and organic matter to the organic matter to the soil and also reduce soil and also reduce weeds and soil surface weeds and soil surface evaporationevaporation
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Maize farming in a Faidherbia albida parkland, Niger
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Sustainable water managementSustainable water management
2020
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The future & way forward…The future & way forward…
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Focus on land stewardship
Make policies work for people. Shift extra-legal norms into legal frameworks
Invest in agroforestry as a springboard for development. Agroforestry gives people food, opportunities, hope. They then need education, health, knowledge, markets
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So what are we waiting for?