The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A...
Transcript of The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A...
![Page 1: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a critical look
Peter B. Sloep Wollongong, December 10th, 2009
1
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 2: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
Past & Future
Specvs
Design
2
1. Designing for learning and Learning Design
2. Past: strengths & weaknesses of LD
3. Future: threats to & opportunities for LD
4. Conclusions
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 3: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1 Designing for learning
3
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 4: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
learning opportunity
learning activities
0..* learning outcome
1
learner
0, 1performs
1..*
learning environment
staff (admin, teacher)
fellow learners artefacts
has
designing for
learning
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 5: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
learning opportunity
learning activities
0..* learning outcome
1
learner
0, 1performs
1..*
learning environment
staff (admin, teacher)
fellow learners artefacts
realized vs intended outcomeeffectiveness
efficiency
attractiveness
student perceptions
effort to achieve outcome
has
criteria for
successful designs
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 6: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
• there is ‘learning design’ (‘instructional design) and ‘Learning Design’ (the specification)
• Learning Design is a means to the end of designing learning or instruction
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 7: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
design forproblem-basedlearning case in medical education using a UML activity diagram
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 8: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
IMS LD elements
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 9: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
IMS LD code bit
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 10: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2 Learning Design
10
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 11: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• was founded in1984, meant to be ‘open’
• having open access, no diplomas required
• allowing students to learn at any time, any pace, any place
• offering a ‘second chance’ to enter academia
11
OUNL
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 12: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Design consequences of being open
• explicit learning/instructional design of ‘guided self-study’
• very few residential sessions, ‘distance learning’
• industrial production mode, division of labour
12
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 13: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• 1995: launch first VLE ‘Studienet’
• 1997: adoption of e-learning by board
• goal: demand for pedagogical richness
• boundary condition: remain as efficient as ever, increase effectiveness and attractiveness
13
‘Studienet’
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 14: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• 1997 -2000 development EML (open spec.)
• workflow specification (‘learning flow’)
• scripting language for learning, theatrical metaphor
• formal language
• explicit and closed vocabulary and syntax
14
Educational Modelling Language
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 15: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• 2001 - 2003 development of IMS LD, differences with EML:
• no content module (advice: use XHTML)
• no assessment module (use QTI 2.0)
• three levels of complexity A, B, C
• member of IMS family of specifications
15
IMS LD
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 16: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• 2003 - 2004 under development, code has been open sourced (SourceForge)
• finite state machine, keeps track of states of users
16
CopperCore (1)
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 17: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
S1,1 S1,2
S2,1 S2,2
S1,3
student states
teacher states
essay submitted essay rated
state transition
input/output
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 18: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• APIs to make development of LD compliant VLEs easier
• Course Manager: publish UOL, createUser, createRun, adUserToRun, addUserToRole, etc.
• LDEngine: various calls, to sequence LD’s XML
18
CopperCore (3)
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 19: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• LD is a formal language for instructional/learning design, it fosters:
• reuse of UoLs (courses, programmes)
• reuse of designs (templates, patterns)
• interoperability: one VLE for every need
• hence: gains in efficiency
19
Strengths of LD (1/2)
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 20: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• because of reuse and interoperability, also gains in efficiency?
• because of team effort, also gains in effectiveness (better designs) and attractiveness?
20
Strengths of LD (2/2)
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 21: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• complexity of the specification itself
• lack of players (in spite of CopperCore)
• lack of authoring environments
• lack of real uptake
21
Weaknesses of LD
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 22: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3 The future of learning design
22
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 23: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Threats to LD
• teachers’ understandable reluctance to switch to industrial development model, dividing labour between specialists
• existing VLEs and their vested interests (Blackboard, but also Moodle); their tendency to cater for existing demands
• competition from SCORM and CC specs
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 24: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Opportunities for LD
24
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 25: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Formalising 4C/ID (1)
• 4C/ID is a design methodology• based on whole tasks• of increasing difficulty• each task is an activity, each task class is activity
structure
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 26: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
idSpace (2)
• platform for distributed, collaborative product design, kind of VLE
• storing ‘ideas’ for later use
• runs on scenarios for knowledge sharing and on creativity techniques (brainstorm, six hats, scamper, ...)
• currently: descriptive flow design patterns
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 27: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 28: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ludi (4)
• EU project proposal to extend LD
• serious gaming in teacher education
• picks up old idea to script games with LD
28
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 29: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Learning Networks (4)
29
• self-organised, lifelong learning in Learning Networks
• LN is online, social network designed to support non-formal learning
• LNs rely on computing infrastructure, and on availability of learning resources
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 30: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4 Conclusion
30
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 31: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
1. Strength: LD is a way to formalise (vocab. & syntax) instructional/learning design
2. Weakness: learning design is already a complex notion, the ID specification adds the complexities of a formalism to this
3. Threat: the powers that be, vested interests
4. Opportunities: non ‘traditional’ contexts
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 32: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
• Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise
learning design as an activity and as product.
• LD provides a formal language for describing both.
• Adoption of LD for this is a complex issue, it will only happen if people heed the rules of innovation diffusion strategies (in Rogers sense).
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 33: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
peter <dot> sloep <at> ou <dot>nl_________
http://celstec.orghttp://pbsloep.nl/vv.html
http://dspace.ou.nlslideshare: pbsloepTwitter: pbsloep
Skype: celstec-peter.sloepJabber: pbsloep
Thursday, December 10, 2009
![Page 34: The future of the IMS Learning Design specification: a ... · 32 • Does LD have a future? • A lot of work is being done to systematise learning design as an activity and as product.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071101/5fdab3dff95b0679cc770118/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Some references
Thursday, December 10, 2009