Maryann E. Martone, Ph. D.Executive Director

Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego

Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship

Are we there yet?

What is FORCE11?Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship: A grass roots effort to accelerate the pace and nature of scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education and community

Why 11? We were born in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany

Principles laid out in the FORCE11 Manifesto

FORCE11 launched in July 2012

Who is FORCE11?

Anyone who has a stake in moving scholarly communication into the 21st century

Publishers

Library and Information

scientists

Policy makers

Tool builders

Funders

Scholars

Science HumanitiesSocial

Sciences

FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider

impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear

• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge

• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts

• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute

• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable

Beyond the PDF Visual Notes by De Jongens van de Tekeningen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Old Model: Single type of content; single mode of distribution

Scholar

Library

Scholar

Publisher

The future is now...

Scholar

Consumer

Libraries

Data Repositories

Code RepositoriesCommunity databases/platforms

OA

Curators

Social Networks

Social NetworksSocial

Networks

Peer Reviewers

Workflows

Data

Blogs/Wikis

Multimedia

Nanopublications

Narrative

Code

The duality of modern scholarship

Observation: Those who build information systems from the machine side don’t understand the requirements of the human very well

Those who build information systems from the human side, don’t understand requirements of machines very well

Scholarship requires the ability to cite and track usage of scholarly artifacts. In our current mode of working, there is no way to easily track artifacts as they move through the ecosystem; no way to incrementally add human expertise; no way to alert everyone when things go wrong

Impetus for change: Is our current method serving science?

47/50 major preclinical published cancer studies could not be replicated

“The scientific community assumes that the claims in a preclinical study can be taken at face value-that although there might be some errors in detail, the main message of the paper can be relied on and the data will, for the most part, stand the test of time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.”

Begley and Ellis, 29 MARCH 2012 | VOL 483 | NATURE | 531

A new platform for scholarly communications

Components• Authoring tools

– Optimized for mark up and linked content• Containers

– Expand the objects that are considered “publications”– Optimize the container for the content

• Processes– Scholarship is code

• Mark up– Data, claims, content suitable for the web– Suitable identifier systems

• Reward systems– Incentives to change– Reward for new objects

Scholarship must move from a “single currency system”; platforms must recognize diversity of output and representation

FORCE11.org

• Community platform– Meetings– Discussions– Tools and resources– Blogs– Event calendar– Community projects

• Promote interoperability– Data Citation– Resource identification

initiative

500 members from diverse stakeholder groups800

Promote community, cross-fertilization and interoperability

• FORCE11 helps facilitate communications across disciplines and communities

• Issues are not identical but we can learn from each other– Enhanced publications

• Digital humanities +

– Dealing with data• Science +

– Open Access• Science + “What is an ORCID id?”-computer scientist

ORCID

Data journals

Research Data AlliancePeerJ, eLife

Workflows 4Ever

Data Verse

Impact Story, Rubriq

Sadie

Scalar

Resource for scholarly communications: People, organizations, publications, tools

Hypothes.is

FORCE11 Working Groups

• FORCE11 provides a neutral convening place for individuals to come together around issues in scholarly communication– FORCE11 provides web working space and

facilitation where possible– 1K Challenge: Beyond the PDF– Short term working groups with clear focus

• Deliverable specified• Time line determined

Data: Who’s problem is it?

Scholar

Library

Scholar

Publisher

Domain-specific

Repository

Web site/Personal

data management

Computing

Scholars, Data Repositories, Institutional Repositories taking ownership of data. Where should it go? Sometimes it can’t go anywhere.

A place to come together: Data citation principles

•FORCE11 provides a neutral space for bringing groups together

• 35 individuals representing > 20 organizations concerned with data citation

• Conducted a review of current data citation recommendations from 4 different organizations

• Arrived at a sense of consensus principles

Data citation synthesis group: http://www.force11.org/node/4381

Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles

• Designed to be high level and easy to understand

• Supplemented with a glossary, references and examples

http://www.force11.org/datacitation

1. Importance2. Credit and attribution 3. Evidence4. Unique Identification 5. Access6. Persistence 7. Specificity and verifiability 8. Interoperability and

flexibility

Endorse the Principles!• http://www.force11.org/datacitation/endorsements

185 individuals; 84 organizations

Data Citation Implementation Group

Unique ID’s for all! Resource Identification Initiative

• It is currently impossible to query the biomedical literature to find out what research resources have been used to produce the results of a study

• Impossible to find all studies that used a resource

• Critical for reproducibility and data mining

• Critical for trouble-shooting

http://www.force11.org/resource_identification_initiative

Faulty Antibodies Continue to Enter US and European Markets, Warns Top Clinical Chemistry Researcher-Genome Web Daily, October 11, 2013

Digital objects are a new beast

New modes of representation and verification will be necessary

Trust: Not just who produced it but what produced it

Resource Identification Initiative• Have authors supply

appropriate identifiers for key resources used within a study such that they are:– Machine processible (i.e.,

unique identifier that resolves to a single resource)

– Outside of the paywall– Uniform across journals and

publishers

Launched February 2014: > 30 journals participating

Pilot Project• Authors to identify 3 types of

research resources:– Software/databases– Antibodies– Model organisms

• Include RRID in methods section• Voluntary for authors• Journals did not have to modify

their submission system• Journals have flexibility in

implementation. Send request to author at:– Submission– During review– After acceptance

Launched February 2014: 3 month commitment and more…

Current Progress

• >160 articles have appeared to date

• 29 journals• >650 RRID’s

•3 removed by typesetting

•95% correct•14% false negative rate

• thousands of antibodies added from vendors, >200 added by individuals

• >90 software tools/databases were added to tool registry

Database available at: https://www.force11.org/node/5635

Chemicon – out of business, >8 yr

Millipore – just joined Merck, URL

still works

Millipore / Chemicon not a company

Authors cite ID properly

What can we do with an RRID?• A resolver service

has been created• 3rd party tools

are being created to provide linkage between resources and papers– Utopia

prototype– ScienceDirect

http://scicrunch.com/resolver/RRID:nlx_144509

Utopia Tools

What have we learned?

• Authors are willing to adopt new types of citations– Meaningful to them– Impact: Significant increase in identifiability

• Authors were fairly accurate at performing the task• RRID’s resolved by search engines without

requiring specialized citation services• Citation drives registration• Clear role for repositories as authorities

FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider

impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear

• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge

• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts

• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute

• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable

Vibrant community working on the problems across many dimensions; many more people and institutions care

Beyond the PDF• Conference/unconference

where all stakeholders come together as equals to discuss issues– Publishers– Technologists– Scholars– Library scientists

• Incubator for change• What would you do to

change scholarly communication?

San Diego, Jan 2011 ...... Amsterdam, March 2013........ Oxford, January 2015

FORCE2015

https://www.force11.org/meetings/force2015