The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

Melanie Swan MS Futures Group

+1-650-681-9482@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics

[email protected]

http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe

September 9, 2013

Max Planck Institute, Göttingen, Germany

Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga

Image credit: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman

The Future of Life Sciences

September 9, 2013Future of Life Sciences 2

About Melanie Swan

Founder DIYgenomics, science and technology innovator and philosopher

Current projects: MelanieSwan.com Education: MBA Finance, Wharton; BA

French/Economics, Georgetown Univ Work experience: Fidelity, JP Morgan, iPass,

RHK/Ovum, Arthur Andersen Sample publications:

Source: http://melanieswan.com/publications.htm

Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the Public Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46.

Swan, M. Scaling crowdsourced health studies: the emergence of a new form of contract research organization. Personalized Medicine 2012, Mar;9(2):223-234.

Swan, M. Steady advance of stem cell therapies. Rejuvenation Res 2011, Dec;14(6):699-704. Swan, M., Hathaway, K., Hogg, C., McCauley, R., Vollrath, A. Citizen science genomics as a model for

crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med 2010, Dec 23; 2:e20. Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med

2010, May;12(5):279-88. Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer

personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.


What is your world-changing vision?

Where will you be in one year?

Start-up company?

Back in school?

Working for someone else?

Who are your role models?

September 9, 2013Future of Life Sciences

Agenda

Our Futuristic World Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities

Synthetic Biology, Regenerative Medicine, 3D Printing, Genomics/Omics

Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Big Data, Citizen Science, Quantified Self

Aging, Space

Conclusion Potential Risks Summary

4


The future…

Image: http://www.sydmead.com


…is notoriously difficult to predict

Seemed likely to occur first: Positional nanoassembly

Actually occurred first: Young lady’s illustrated primer

6


Miniaturization Trend, Next Node: Microdots

Computing machinery

Room(s) size Handheld Invisible Non matter-based?

2050s2000s10-100 years ago 2100+

Information storage

DNA sequencing


Information Transmission Eras

Painting, scrolls Press, Transistor DNA

Analog Digital Life code ?

?

2000-21001455 & 1950-200017,300 years ago 2100+

(Kuhnian paradigms, Foucauldian epistemes)


Prominent Artificial Intelligence Eras

Expert syst, CYC NLP, HTM, NCC Google, Watson

Enumeration Biomimicry Big data ?

?

2000s+1990s+1950s 2100+


Big Data: Personal Health Informatics

10

DNA: SNP mutations

Microbiomics

Proteomics

RNA expression profiling

Epigenetics

Health 2.0:Personal Health

InformaticsDNA: Structural

variation

Metabolomics

Academic papers re: integrated health data streams: Auffray C, et al. Looking back at genomic medicine in 2011. Genome Med. 2012 Jan 30;4(1):9. Chen R et al. Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypes. Cell. 2012 Mar 16;148(6):1293-307.


Human Agency: Collective Intelligence Computing

11

Crowdsourcing

Quantified self-tracking

DIYbio labs

Consumer blood tests

Citizen science

Concierge research

Consumer genomics

Health 2.0:Crowdsourced

Health Computing

Ambient mental performance optimization

Continuous sampling


DNA sequencing: 10x/yr improvement

12

Life Code: Biology is an Information Technology

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/_img/87/i50/8750cover2_law.gifhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/images/nature11875-f1.2.jpg

Code Conversion: Digital to DNA


Biology is the Information Technology

Image credit: J. Craig Venter Institute

Image credit: Anthony Atala lab

Image credit: Thomas Matthiesen

Artificial cell booted to life

Algal biofuelImage credit: http://www.rexresearch.com

Whole organ decellularization and recellularization (heart)

Organ regeneration (urethra)

DNA nanotechnology latch box for drug delivery

Image credit: Aarhus University


Global Population: Growing and Aging

14UN Habitat – 2010

http://avondaleassetmanagement.blogspot.com/2012/05/japan-aging-population.html


2.4B Users in 2012, 8% growth, emerging markets

Worldwide Internet Penetration

15Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends


1.5B subscribers, 31% growth, 21% worldwide penetration in 2013E

Worldwide Smartphone Penetration

16Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends


Over 50% worldwide population in 2008 5 billion in 2030 (estimated) Megacity: (>10 million and possibly 2,000/km2)

Human Urbanization: Living in Cities

17


Megacity Growth Rates

Wikipedia


Himalayas Water Tower

Biomimicry-inspired Dwelling Design

Living Treehouses – Mitchell Joachim

Masdar, Abu Dhabi – Energy City of the Future


Reconfiguration of Space: Seasteading


Urban Agriculture: Vertical Farms

21

San Diego, California (planned)

Singapore (existing)


Transportation Revolution

22

Solar Power: Tesla + Solar City

Self-Driving CarPersonalized Pod Transport

Google's Self-Driving Cars Complete 300K Miles Without Accident, Deemed Ready for Commutinghttp://techcrunch.com/2012/08/07/google-cars-300000-miles-without-accident/


Wireless Internet-of-Things

Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.

Image credit: Cisco


Sensor Mania!

24Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.


Agenda




Aging, Space


25


Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities

Quantified Self (QS) Wearables

Internet-of-Things (IOT)

Space

Aging Health Extension

Robotics

RegenerativeMedicine

Big Data

Genomics“Omics”

Preventive Medicine

Nanotechnology

Neuroscience

Collective Intelligence DIYscience

Participatory Health

Synthetic Biology

26

3D PrintingBiotechnology


1. Synthetic Biology Revolution Vision

Harness design rules of biology

Definition – biology as an engineering medium Directed redesign and de novo construction of biological entities

such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells

Extensive applications Energy, Food, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, Chemicals

Main approaches (cellular chassis runs DNA code) Metabolic engineering (bacteria produce diesel) Extending E. coli capacity (yeast produces medicine) Biomimicry (replicate biological function in synthetic systems) de novo Synthesis (create new functionality)

“This century’s transistor”

Source: Swan, M. Synbio Revolution: Biology is the Engineering Medium, 6/26/11 http://futurememes.blogspot.com/2011/06/synbio-revolution-biology-is.html


1. Biological Design Software

http://partsregistry.org

Select System, Device, or Part Level


1. Print DNA Code to Cellular Chassis


1. Biofuels

First generation Food crop feedstock: sugar, starch, vegetable oil, animal fats Fuel types: vegetable oil, biodiesel, butanol, ethanol, syngas

Second generation Non-crop feedstock: cellulose, biomass: wheat, corn, wood Fuel types: biohydrogen, biomethanol, DMF, bio-DME,

biohydrogen diesel, mixed alcohols, wood diesel

Third generation Algae feedstock

Fourth generation CO2 feedstock: CO2 converted to methane by bacteria

Algal Oil

http://biodynamics.ucsd.edu/pubs/articles/Ferry12.pdfhttp://openwetware.org/images/1/1f/Biofuels.pdf


Why Important? Scope: possibility of designing and remaking every aspect of the biological world

1. Synthetic Biology Biotechnology Applications

31http://www.haaretz.com/business/the-start-up-that-translates-the-abcs-of-dna-1.486016http://scientopia.org/blogs/everydaybiology/2010/08/17/e-chromi-and-the-scatalog/

Sustainable Natural Lighting

Fluorescent Angelfish

Glowing Arabidopsis

BioMolecular Design and Synthesis

ATP Synthase E. Chromi Water Sensors

Environmental Sensing

Landmine Sensing Plant: Arabidopsis thaliana


2. Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing

32

Whole Organ Decellularization and Recellularization (Heart)

Organ Regeneration

Lab-grown Meat

Personalized 3D Models


2. Custom 3D Printed Objects and Food

33

Why Important? Potential near-term widespread application of medical and personalized object printing

http://www.plummerfernandez.com/Digital-Nativeshttp://www.dezeen.com/2013/05/13/print-shift-extract-3d-printed-food/


3. Genomics and Personalized ‘Omics’1. Established genomic applications

Ancestry Carrier status Identity (paternity, forensics)

2. Maturing Health condition risk1

Pharmaceutical response2

3. Emerging Athletic performance capability Environment/toxin processing Nutrigenomics, OTC product response, HLA matching (dating)3

4. Frontier Predictive wellness profiling: aging, cancer, immune response Social intelligence, cognitive performance, identity construction

Image credit: http://bit.ly/fovpJc

1Source: Swan M. Multigenic condition risk assessment in direct-to-consumer genomic services. Genet Med. 2010 May;12(5):279-88.2Source: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/Pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm3http://www.genepartner.com/index.php/science

75


Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERAhttp://genomera.com/studies/thinking-fast-and-slow-study

Objective: Investigate whether a genetic predisposition for loss aversion and optimism

bias may be linked to real-life behavior

Inspired by Daniel Kahneman’s book ‘Thinking Fast and Slow’ (2011)

Hypothesis: Individuals with polymorphisms in genes related to neural processes may be more

susceptible to two phenomena that shape human thinking, loss aversion and optimism

bias

Genotypic Examination: 5-HTTLPR, COMT Val(158)Met, T102C, DRD2/ANKK1, PDYN,

OXTR

Phenotypic Examination: Loss Aversion, Optimum Bias Instruments

3. Thinking Fast and Slow Study


Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERAhttp://genomera.com/studies/social-intelligence-genomics-empathy-building

Objective: Confirm and extend research linking genetic profile and social intelligence

Hypothesis: Individuals with certain genetic profiles may have greater natural capacity for

characteristics of social intelligence

Genotypic Examination: OXTR, DRD2, COMT, BDNF (genes which have been associated with optimism and empathy,

extraversion, and altruism)

Phenotypic Examination: Interpersonal Reactivity Index Instrument

3. Social Genomics: Empathy Study

Genotype Phenotype Intervention Outcome+ + =

DIYgenomics Preventive Medicine Methodology :


3. Big Data: Integrated Health Data Streams

37Swan, M. Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory

Biocitizen. J Pers Med 2012, 2(3), 93-118.

Genome SNP mutations

Structural variationEpigenetics

Microbiome

Transcriptome

Environmentome

Metabolome

Diseasome

Proteome

Personal and Family Health History

Prescription History

Lab Tests: History and Current

Demographic Data

Self-reported data: health, exercise,

food, mood journals, etc.

Biosensor Data Objective Metrics

Quantified Self Device Data

Mobile App Data

Quantified Self Data Streams

Traditional Data StreamsOmics Data Streams

Standardized Instrument Response

Legend: Consumer-available


3. Personal Microbiomics

38

Image credit: Grice EA et al, Nat Rev Microbiol, 2011, Figure 3

20 Microbiome Ecosystem Zones

Image credits: my.microbes.eu

My.microbes.eu Gut Enterotype Analysis

Disease risk, drug response, and nutrient generation

Enterotype affiliation and nutrients1

1. Bacteroides (biotin synthesis)

2. Prevotella (thiamine synthesis)

3. Ruminococcus (folate synthesis)

1Source: Arumugam M et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80.


3. Genome Politics, Policy, and Regulation

Individual’s right to their own genomic data Validity, Utility, Actionability, Probability1

Our world is not Gattaca Individuals having and sharing health data has

reduced stigma and discrimination2

Global concerns: human cloning, sex selection, genetic privacy, non-discrimination UN Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997

(Chapter IV Human Genome) Council of Europe Biomedicine Convention 1997 US Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) 2008

391Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med 2010, May;12(5):279-88.2Kido T and Swan M. The Potential Power of Personal Genomics in Reducing Social Stereotypes: Attitudinal Study and Computer Animation of Results for 4,000 Japanese Respondents. ASHG 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312949

Why Important? Cornerstone component in the realization of preventive medicine, goal = avoid clinical onset of disease


4. Neuroscience and Brain Research

40

Neuroscience innovation areas Tools and processes for characterization

and intervention in development, function, and pathology of the nervous system

Recent Innovations fMRI resolution and real-time use Neuronal stem cell generation via somatic

reprogrammming,1 organoid2

Minimally-invasive robot-assisted neurosurgery

Speech and Image Recognition Natural Language Processing (NLP),

Cognitive Computing (IBM Watson) Google image recognition3

1Swan, M. Recent Advances in Neural Stem Cell Generation. Future Neurology 2012, Jul;7(4):473-482. 2http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/28/miniature-brains-test-tubes-neuroscience3Le QV, et al, Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. 2011. http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209

Organoid

fMRI Imaging

IBM Watson Image Recognition


4. Brain Modularity and Minimalism

41

Human Connectome Project 3D mapping of neural pathways Neocortical connects: regular

grid and neighborhood structure Blue Brain Project

Neocortical scanning, simulation, modeling (rat 2011, human 2023E)

UTexas Cerebellum Modeling Cerebellum simulation Massively repeated cerebellum

wiring pattern

http://www.humanconnectome.orghttp://newbooksinbrief.com/2012/11/27/25-a-summary-of-how-to-create-a-mind-the-secret-of-human-thought-revealed-by-ray-kurzweilhttp://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ai-lab/pubs/NeuralNets12-Li.pdf

3D Neural Modeling

Why Important? Final frontier in science, and applications could have significant worldwide benefit

Neocortical Column Simulation

Neocortical Grid and Neighborhood Structure


5. Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine

Drug delivery DNA nanotechnology Organ repair Biomolecular interface Medical nanorobots,

cognitive nanorobots

Respirocytes Microbivore Artery Cleaner

Nanoparticles

VasculocyteClottocytes

DNA WalkerHolliday Junction Quantum Dot DyesFarther future

Present

Source: Swan, M. Top ten recent nanomedical advances. Book chapter in Clinical Nanomedicine: from Bench to Bedside 2011, Forthcoming. Holliday Junction: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130321141448.ht

DNA: Structural Building Block


5. Nanotechnology: Microfluidics

43

Why Important? Underlying driver of high-precision medical and diagnostic applications, preventive medicine, neuroprosthetics

MEMS, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip1

Human-body-on-a-chip2

Paper-based microfluidics3

Gut-on-a-chip

Lung-on-a-chip2Lab-on-a-chip1

1http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/80/harvards-wyss-institute-creates-living-human-gutonachip 2web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/human-body-on-a-chip-research-funding-0724.html 3bmf.aip.org/resource/1/biomgb/v6/i1/p011301_s1?bypassSSO=1

Lab-on-Paper Diagnostics (DFA.org)3


6. Participatory Health and DIYscience

44

(Light) Ecosystem: Level of Engagement (Intense)

Social Media

Mobile Health Apps

Tele-Medicine

PHRs (personal

health records)

Consumer Genomics

Community Labs

Quantified self-

tracking

Citizen science

Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the Public Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46

Citizen Scientist: Anyone conducting scientific

investigation without professional training in the field

DIYbio (do-it-yourself

biology)

http://diybionyc.blogspot.com


6. Health Social Networks and Collaboration

Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.

Health collaboration & experimentation

communities

Health social networks

(global & local)


6. Genomera‘eBay of health studies’

May 2013: 600+ community members, 30 studies with 10-65 enrollees

Site access via www.DIYgenomics.org

Why Important? Hasten pace of scientific discovery and results implementation, extend science landscape and DIY attitude


7. Quantified Self, Wearables, IOT

Goal: personalized knowledge through quantified self-tracking

Global community: ‘show n tell’ meetups Outcome: optimality and improvement

Example: personalized interventions for depression, low energy, sleep quality

47

Image credit: http://www.nationalpost.com Image credit: Quantified Self

IOT = Internet-of-ThingsSource: Swan, M. Overview of Crowdsourced Health Research Studies. 2012.


7. Quantified Self Project Examples

Low-cost home-administered blood, urine, saliva tests

OrSense continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring

Cholestech LDX home cholesterol test

ZRT Labs dried blood spot tests

Food consumption (1 yr)1 and the Butter Mind study2

Study

1Source: http://flowingdata.com/2011/06/29/a-year-of-food-consumption-visualized2Source: http://quantifiedself.com/2011/01/results-of-the-buttermind-experiment


Smartring (ElectricFoxy), Electronic tattoos (mc10), $1 blood API (Sano Intelligence), Continuous Monitors (Medtronic)

49

Smart Gadgetry Creates Continuous Personal Information Climate

Smartphone, Fitbit, Smartwatch (Pebble), Electronic T-shirt (Carre)

7. Sensor Mania! Wearable Electronics



7. BioSensor Electronic Tattoos

50http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/pulse/winter2013/page3.shtml#tattoos

Electrochemical Sensors

Tactile Intelligence:Haptic Data Glove

Chemical Sensors Disposable Electronics

Wearable Electronics: Detect External Threats and Track Internal Vital Signs


Magnetic Sense: Finger and Arm Magnets

North Paw Haptic Compass Anklet and Heart Sparkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4shfNufqSg

http://sensebridge.net/projects/heart-spark

Extending our senses in new ways to perceive data as sensation

Serendipitous Joy: Smile-triggered EMG muscle sensor with an LED headband display

7. Building Exosenses for the Qualified Self



7. Augmenting the Brain24/7 Consumer EEG, Eye-tracking, Emotion-Mapping, Augmented Reality Glasses

52

Consumer EEG Rigs

1.0

2.0

Augmented Reality Glasses

Why Important? Thinking Shift to: My health is my responsibility … and I have the tools to make managing it fun and easy



Annual data creation on the order of zetabytes 90% of the world’s data created in the last 2 years Fastest growing segment: life sciences imaging data

8. Big Data and Information Visualization

Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trendshttp://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/healthcare-leveraging-big-data-paper.pdf


8. Life Sciences Big Data Visualization

54

Consumer/QS Data

Patient Data Integrated Health Data Streams

Social Graph Data Public Health Data

Environmental Monitoring

Why Important? A wholly new way of reacting to information: formerly everything was signal, now 99% is noise


9. Aging and Health Extension: Prescriptive

55

Neurodegenerative disease (ApoE) Cholesterol testing and management:

exercise, vitamins, stress reduction1

Neuroplasticity enhancement Rejuvenation research

Bioremediation enzymes2

Genetic therapies: RNA interference, allotopic expression2

DIYgenomics studies: memory, sleep, telomere-lengthening, skin response

Bioremediation Enzymes

1REVEAL Study http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/health/research/16dementia.html?_r=0 2http://sens.org/research/intramural

Lipoprotein Particle Density


9. Aging: Telomere Length

56

Telomeres (DNA tips) shorten with Aging

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808324 (2013)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20822369 (2011)

Astragalus Root

Scientist: Maria Blasco

Scientist: Cal Harley

Telomere-length Testing: What is your Biological Age?


9. DIYgenomics Telomere Study

Telomerase genes, telomere length, and intervention Telomere-lengthening and immune system benefits (Harley

CB et al, Rejuvenation Res, 2011, de Jesus BB et al, Aging Cell, 2011)

57Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy


9. Aging: Skin Rejuvenation

Topical Treatments Retinoids (Retin-A) Retinoid substitutes Salicin, CoQ10, Intense Pulsed Light

Filler injections Botox, hyaluronic acid, transdermal

hexapeptides, bio-roller microneedle therapy

Cellular therapies Injected collagen-producing fibroblasts

(LaViv, Vavelta) Stem cell face lift

Dermal substitutes, spray-on skin, wound-healing, scar reduction

58http://www.slideshare.net/lablogga/translational-antiaging-skin-research

PermaDerm

3D Spray-on Skin

Microneedle bio-roller

Salicin (Willow Bark)


9. DIYgenomics Retin-A Skin Study

Can personal genomics (TERC, TERT, ILA1, TNF) predict Retin-A reaction and side-effects?

59Source: http://genomera.com/studies/retin-a-wonder-cream-for-acne-and-wrinkles-is-there-a-genomic-link


9. DIYgenomics Memory Study

Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy

Goal: 100 member cohort •Genotype: COMT, DRD2, SLC6A3 (~5 SNPs) (neurotransmitter modulation)•Phenotype: memory test (20-25 minutes)•Background questionnaire


9. Aging, Life Extension, Robotics

61http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaTfzYDZG8c&feature=share

Why Important? Possibility of reducing human suffering, and extending well-being, productivity, and quality of life

Robotic Helpers

Robotic Companions

WearableExoskeletons

Self-Driving Cars/Pod TransportSenior

Empowerment


10. Future of Life Sciences in Space

62http://www.planetaryresources.comhttp://www.youtube.com/user/virgle

Asteroid Mining: Water, CHON, Metals

Mars Caves: Shelter and IceSearch for Life

Over 150 Exoplanets Confirmed

Cyanobacteria: SynBio on the Moon


Source: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/2012/03/31/foods-in-the-year-2000/

Why Important? Field of exploration, growth, survival, resource-generation, travel, and entertainment for our future


Agenda




Aging, Space


64


Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities

Quantified Self (QS) Wearables

Internet-of-Things (IOT)

Space

Aging Health Extension

Robotics

RegenerativeMedicine

Big Data

Genomics“Omics”

Preventive Medicine

Nanotechnology

Neuroscience

Collective Intelligence DIYscience

Participatory Health

Synthetic Biology

65

3D PrintingBiotechnology


Future of Life Sciences Summary

Biology is the information science of the century

Wider ecosystem: institutions to citizen scientists

Preventive Medicine: avoid disease onset, optimality

Data: continuous, automated, objective metrics with attendant access, sharing, security, privacy concerns

Biocitizenry: rights and responsibilities, health as a human right

66


Future of Life Sciences: Participatory Health

Individual

2. Peer collaboration and health advisors

Health social networks, crowdsourced studies, health advisors, wellness coaches, preventive care plans,

boutique physicians, genetics coaches, aestheticians, medical tourism

3. Public health systemDeep expertise of traditional health system

for disease and trauma treatment

1. Continuous health information climate Automated digital health monitoring, self-tracking devices, and mobile apps providing personalized recommendations

Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.


Frontier: Mental Performance Optimization

68

‘Siri 2.0’ Personal Virtual Coach from DIYgenomics

Sources: http://cbits.northwestern.edu and http://quantifiedself.com/2009/03/a-few-weeks-ago-i

Source: DIYgenomics Social Intelligence Studyhttp://diygenomics.pbworks.com/w/page/48946791/social_intelligence

PTSD App

Mood Management Apps from Mobilyze and M. Morris

Source: http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/

ptsdcoach.asp


But wait…Bioethical Risks and Society

1http://www.nature.com/news/glowing-plants-spark-debate-1.13131

Regulation (synthetic biology, genetics, stem cells) Unsupervised release of synthetic organisms1

Practitioner ethics, registry, and licensing Safeguards: control and if necessary extinguish technology

Monitoring and enforcement: top-down and bottom-up Ownership (IP) rights and responsibilities Policy issues

Digital divide accessibility, non-discrimination, medical tourism Manufacturing standards, raw materials sourcing

PRECEDENTS: Recombinant DNA, Nanotechnology


Biological Warfare and Public Health

Can these technologies be weaponized? Biological Weapons Convention (1972)

Offense prohibited; defensive research

Open publishing (AIDS, SARS) Risk assessment

Access to existing samples Creating pathogens is difficult Superbugs (Staph aureus), emerging infections

Simultaneous development of defenses Sensors


Bioethics Practitioner Standards

1http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060073

Follow Hippocratic oath principles: autonomy, privacy, beneficence

Research Ethics Recommendations for Whole-Genome Research: Consensus Statement1 March 25, 2008 Consent Withdrawal from research Return of results Public data release

Synthetic biology biosafety Reviews: external pre-experimental and ongoing Responsibility-taking: signature, documentation Safe design: non-reproductive, activation-based, suicide gene Safeguards for unintended consequences


Models Protected, open-source, shared foundation Successive tiers cleared to public use

1996 Bermuda Principles 2000 Clinton: genome sequences ineligible for patent

Considerations Product window, cost of development, market demand Open-source information, fee-based services

Definitional issues What is life? Can genetically modified organisms be patented?

Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 1980

Ethics: Intellectual Property


Heidegger in the Age of Biotechnicity

Technology discloses the world to us in a way that could endanger us because we are not aware of it

Technology is not bad in itself Our attunement to technology as a means of deeply

revealing the world to us could help us away from the forgetfulness of being, our lostness in daily projects

We should tune into the enframing capability of technology in the background disclosing to us the possibilities for the meaningfulness of our being

See technology is an enabler, not a means to an end

73Heidegger, M. The Question Concerning Technology, 1954


What is your world-changing vision?

Where will you be in one year?

Start-up company?

Back in school?

Working for someone else?

Who are your role models?

Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga

Creative Commons 3.0 license

Image: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman

Vielen Dank!Questions?

The Future of Life Sciences

Melanie Swan MS Futures Group

+1-650-681-9482@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics

[email protected]

http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe

The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

Technology

Transcript of The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute