The Future of Jet Engine
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Transcript of The Future of Jet Engine
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7/25/2019 The Future of Jet Engine
1/31
M.J. Benzakein
GE Aircraf t EnginesCinci nnati, OH, USA
The Future
of the
Jet Engine
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/2 25-May-06
100 Years of Propulsion Innovation
Specif ications
Thrust Class (lb) 115,300
Length (in) 218
Bypass Ratio 7.1
Pressure Ratio 42.2
Engin e Specif ications
Bore: 4 inches
Stroke: 4 inches
Displacement: 201 cubic inches
Compression Ration: 4.7:1
Horsepower: 25 hp
Cooling: Liquid Circulated by thermosiphon and radiator
Lubrication: Splash system, circulation by pump and gravity
Dry Weight: 180 pounds
GE90-115B
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/3 25-May-06
Propulsion Driving Industry Advances
PW4098
PW4084
JT8D-217
JT8D-9
JT3D-1
JT9D-7R4G2
JT9D-3A
JT9D-7A
PW4056PW2037
V2500 A1
PW4168
CJ805
CF6-6D
CFM56-2
CFM56-5A
GE90-85B
CF6-80A
CFM56-5C4CF6-80C2-B6F
CF6-80E1-A2
RB-211-535E4
TRENT 895
RB-211-524D
TAY 620
BR 715
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Certification Date
SFC
35K/0.8
MnU
ninstalled
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
JT3C
Low Bypass
Turbofan
2ndGen High By pass
Turbofan
High Bypass
Turbofan
Turbojet
GE90-115B
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/4 25-May-06
Noise Reduction Advancements
120
110
100
90
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
707-100
DC-9-10
737-200
727-200
747-200
DC-10-30
A310
737-300
737-200 A321
747-400 A330
Noise
Level,
EPNdB
(1500-ft.
sidelines)
Turbojet
First Generation
Turbofan
Second Generation
Turbofan
Normalized to 100,000-lb. thrust
Noise levels are for airplane/engineconfigurations at time of initial service
Year of Initial Service
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/5 25-May-06
1981 standard
ICAO NOx Standards
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Engine pressure ratio
NOX
CAEP/4 - 2004
CAEP/2 - 1996Trend
Current GE Engines
Emissions
Emission s Stringency Increasing
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/6 25-May-06
21stCentury Vehicle Systems
Regional 100-150 pax 250+ pax Global Reach
Transport
SupersonicBisJet
SupersonicTransport
Long RangeStrike Air craft
Overland Capable, Environmentally Friendly, Supersonic
Commercial Transport / Military Strike
Safe, Environmentally Friendly, Longer Range
Commercial and Military Transportation
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/7 25-May-06
V-22 Osprey High L ift Vehicle
Predator Sensorcraft
Uninhabited Air Vehicles
Apache
Heavy-Lift Runway-Independent Aircraft21stCentury Vehicle Systems
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/8 25-May-06
21stCentury Vehicle Systems
Safe, Low-Cost Access-to-Space Vehicles / Spaceplane
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/9 25-May-06
CustomerSatisfact ion
Low Cost of
Ownership
Low Emiss ions
Performance
Rel iabi l i ty
Low Noise
Simpl ic i ty
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/10 25-May-06
GENY The Next StepGoals
CO2
Ultra Clean: NOX
and CO2
20% reduction in engine CO2(fuel burn) relative to current(GE90) technology
85% reduction relative to1996 ICAO
Ultra Intell igent
50% reduction in enginein-flight failures
50% reduction in delaysand cancellations
On-condition maintenance
Ultra Quiet
55% Reduction innoise relative totodays aircraft
33 EPNdB belowStage 3
21stCentury Aeropropuls ion Preem inence
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/11 25-May-06
GENY Technologies
Fluidics for
Noise Reductionand High
Stage Loading CeramicMatrix Composite
Liners, Blades,
& Vanes
Counterrotating
Vaneless
LPT
HighPressure Ratio
Compressor
ActiveCombustor
Controls forUltra-LowEmissions
Hybrid/Ceramic
Bearings
NanoMaterial
Blade/Structure
Technology
AdvancedComposite Fan
Intelligent
Engine Controls
and Adv. Sensors
Hi Temp.Rotor Materials
Techno logy to Revolut ionize the State of the Art
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/12 25-May-06
Nano-Phase Aluminum Blades and Vanes
0
40
80
120
0 100 200 300 400
Temperature (F)
Yie
ld
Strength(ksi)
Convent ional
7xxx Al loys
Nano-AlGoals
Improved Strength and Fat igue Capabi l i ty Using Advanced Al Al loy s
200nm
20 nm
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/14 25-May-06
!Leading Cause of Bearing Failures Due to Hard Particle Contamination
!Nitriding Significantly Increases the Surface Hardness
Nitr ided Surface
70 HRC
60 HRC
Microhardness
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
6869
70
71
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
distance from edge (mils)
HRC
Base Hardness
Nitrided Case
Nitrided Bearing Material Technology
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/15 25-May-06
Airfoil Materials Trendline
Temp.
Capability,
F
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Introduction Date, NPI TG6
50
100
150
200
250
300
N4N5
N6
MX4
N5/Baseline TBC
N5/TBC-1
N6/TBC-1.5
MX4/TBC-2
CMC Vane &
Coating System
N6/TBC-1
MX4/TBC-1.5
Advanc
edAllo
y
Advanced
The
rmal
Barrie
rCoating
Gen I
Gen II
Gen III
Nb-Si &CoatingSystem
Turbine A ir fo i l Mater ial Advancements Pushing the Envelope
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/16 25-May-06
Chevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron NozzleChevron Nozzle
Chevron Nozzle Techno logy Development
Fligh t Tested on Bombardier CRJ700Product ion Nozzle on CRJ900
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/17 25-May-06
Improved Emis sio ns /Operabil i ty/Reliabi l i ty
NOx Reduction
Lean Blowout Detection & Avoidance
Low NOx Production
MicroelectromechanicalLocal Flow Control
Goal: Levels 85% Below CAEP 2
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/18 25-May-06
Revo lut ionary Impro vement in Rel iabi l i ty
MissionOptimization
ServiceOptimization
Fault Detection&
Accommodation
Adjust OperationDetect and Isolate Predict Service Need
Intelligent Engine
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/19 25-May-06
Improved Thrust-to-Weight and Reduced EngineEnvelope
Lowered Acquisition Cost
Reduced Fuel Burn
Smaller Spot Factor
Reduced Vulnerability
Engine Techno logy Imp rovements
Reduced Volume
Reduced Weight
Improved Fuel Consumption
Reduced Cost
Improved Thrust-to-Weight
Aircraf t
Benefi ts
Relative Engine Size At Equal Thrust
Year 1960 1980 2000 2020
Technology J79 F404 F414/F120 VAATE
Thrust-to-Weight 4.5 7 9 20
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/20 25-May-06
Payoffs
Highly Integrated Engine/Airframe Fixed/Simpler Inlets/Nozzles
Extended Range
Significantly Improved Survivability
Low Community Noise Improved Durability Turbines,
Exhaust System
Adaptive Cycle Engine
Features
Versatile Core with Core Drive Fan Lower Low Spool Temperatures
Fixed Nozzle Capability
FLADE Inlet flow control (simpler/lighter inlets)
Improved installed SFC Smaller diameter / reduced drag
Nozzle cooling
Multiple Nozzle Configuration Capability
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/21 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive FansPassive & Active Stability
Composite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/22 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach CombustionHigh Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/23 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced CoolingWake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/24 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
Mechanical Components
High DN BearingsMagnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
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25/31
GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/25 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings
Magnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys
CMCs
PMCsNano Structures
Smart Materials & Structures
Advanced NDE
Accelerated Implementation Methods
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/26 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings
Magnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys
CMCs
PMCs
Nano StructuresSmart Materials & Structures
Advanced NDE
Accelerated Implementation
Methods
In let / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures
Integrated Airframe/Engine StructuresTiAl Structures
Fluidic Mixing
Fluidic Vectoring
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/27 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings
Magnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
Inlet / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures
Integrated Airframe/Engine Structures
TiAl Structures
Fluidic Mixing
Fluidic Vectoring
MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys
CMCs
PMCs
Nano StructuresSmart Materials & Structures
Advanced NDE
Accelerated Implementation
Methods
Contro lsIntelligent Controls
Distributed Control SystemPrognostic Sensors
MEMS
Wireless Communications
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/28 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
ControlsIntelligent Controls
Distributed Control System
Prognostic Sensors
MEMS
Wireless Communications
Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings
Magnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
Inlet / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures
Integrated Airframe/Engine Structures
TiAl Structures
Fluidic Mixing
Fluidic Vectoring
MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys
CMCs
PMCs
Nano StructuresSmart Materials & Structures
Advanced NDE
Accelerated Implementation
Methods
Model ingPhysics-based Tools
Time Unsteady Aero
Aeromechanics
CFD Design ToolsCombustor Codes
Digital Engine Model
Noise Prediction ToolsManufacturing Modeling
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/29 25-May-06
Space
Hypersonic
SubsonicSupersonic
Technology Needs to Achieve A Long RangePropulsion Vision
Compress ionHigh Stage Loading
Flow Controlled Airfoils
Core Drive Fans
Passive & Active StabilityComposite High Speed Airfoils
Blisks
TurbinesIntegrated Turbine Blades/Disks
Advanced Cooling
Wake/Shock Management
Clearance Management
Highly Loaded Aerodynamics
Combust ionLow Emission Research
High Mach Combustion
High Heat Sink Fuels
Coke Barrier Coatings
Active Combustion Control
ControlsIntelligent Controls
Distributed Control System
Prognostic Sensors
MEMS
Wireless Communications
Mechanical ComponentsHigh DN Bearings
Magnetic Bearings
Air-Oil Brush Seals
Inlet / Nacelle/ NozzleLight Weight Structures
Integrated Airframe/Engine Structures
TiAl Structures
Fluidic Mixing
Fluidic Vectoring
MaterialsHigh Temp. Ni Alloys
CMCs
PMCs
Nano StructuresSmart Materials & Structures
Advanced NDE
Accelerated Implementation
Methods
Model ing
Physics-based ToolsTime Unsteady Aero
Aeromechanics
CFD Design Tools
Combustor Codes
Digital Engine Model
Noise Prediction Tools
Manufacturing Modeling
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/30 25-May-06
Propulsion Vision for the 21st
Century
Key to Success is Strong Cooperat ion Between
Academia, Indus try, and Governm ent Agenc ies
Academia
Government
Industry
L O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I NL O C K H E E D M A R T I N
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GE Aircraf t Engines
AT 030905/31 25-May-06
Summary
U.S. Aerospace industry provides export leadership .
Propulsion key contributor to aerospace superiority.
Propulsion is a technology driven business
Great advances have been made
Lots of challenges and opportunities ahead
Great payoffs in the commercial and military fields
Propulsion requires aggressive short- and long-range
technology development
A strong Federal Labs /Industry/Academic WorldPartnership is key to maintaining U.S. leadership inAeronautics .