The Future of Intermodalism METRANS 2nd Annual Transportation Conference Long Beach, CA Feb. 2,2001...
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Transcript of The Future of Intermodalism METRANS 2nd Annual Transportation Conference Long Beach, CA Feb. 2,2001...
The Future of Intermodalism METRANS 2nd Annual Transportation Conference
Long Beach, CA Feb. 2,2001
Richard M. BiterActing Director
Secretary’s Office of IntermodalismU.S. Department of Transportation
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism2
Outline
The Secretary’s Office of Intermodalism The development of a National Intermodal Freight
Policy Intermodal Freight Technology Working Group
Initiative
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism3
Secretary’s Office of Intermodalism
Created in 1992 by the Intermodal Surface Transportation and Efficiency Act (ISTEA)
“to coordinate Federal policy on intermodal transportation and initiate policies to promote efficient intermodal transportation in the United States”
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism4
Mission
Serve as DOT’s principal advocate and advisor on intermodal transportation
Establish and maintain effective lines of communication with all segments of the transportation community
Provide technical information and assistance to State DOT’s, MPO’s, transportation providers, and system users for intermodal transportation planning and project issues
Coordinate the implementation of the DOT Strategic Plan and other DOT initiatives which promote intermodal transportation
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism5
Our Role
Convener Assemble resources within the Department to resolve
cross-cutting issues Sponsor
Endorse policy/program interpretations that advance intelligent transportation decision making and intermodal solutions
Innovator Champion rapid developments within the intermodal
industry in logistics, intelligent transportation systems, and innovative finance
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism6
National Commission on Intermodal Transportation
Established in ISTEA to “make a complete investigation and study of intermodal transportation in the U.S.
15 member appointed Commission Issued Final Report in September 1994 Report identified 12 specific recommendations that were
grouped in three major categories Policies needed to capture the synergistic potential of the Nation’s
transportation system Investment issues Restructuring government institutions to improve intermodal
transportation
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism7
Major Focus Areas
Innovative finance Intermodal policy Project work Technology System capacity International trade Borders and Corridors Education and training
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism8
World and U.S. Economies Growing Between 1992 to 2001 average growth for World Economy = 3.4%. U.S. Economy = 3.6%
Trade Increasing also: Between 1992 to 2001 average growth for World Economy = 6.7% U.S. exports = 6.7%; imports = 9.9%
Economic Growth and Trade Continue to Increase
Source: IMF “World Economic Outlook”-April 2000
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism9
Freight Trends and Issues: ThemesPresentation of trends and issues is organized around three sets of themes
Markets/Logistics (demand) From national markets to global markets From a manufacturing to a service economy From push to pull logistics systems
Carriers/Transportation Systems (supply) From modal fragmentation to cross-modal coordination From system construction to system optimization From DoD stovepipes to “Focused Logistics”
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism10
Themes (continued)
Public Policy From economic deregulation to safety regulation From modal to multi-modal surface transportation policy From low visibility to environmental accountability From federal central planning to State and local
empowerment
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism11
Supplier Supplier Supplier
Distributor
Customer
Manufacturer
Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier
3PL
MarketerDesigner
Inventory
InformationSystem
Transport System
“PUSH”METHODS OF
CONTROL(relative
importance)
Inventory
InformationSystem
Transport System
“PULL”METHODS OF
CONTROL(relative
importance)
Point-of-sale dataRecycled products
From Push to Pull Logistics Systems
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism12
The Challenge
Over the past 20 years, highway travel demand has increased an average of over 3.0 percent per year
During that same time, highway capacity has increased at a rate of 0.3 percent per year.
Over the next 20 years, freight movements are expected to double, with more intense growth in major traffic lanes, hubs, and POE
customer expectations will increase; environmental issues will intensify
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism14
What the FAF is:
An enabling device highlight strategic mismatches in national/regional
freight demand and supply inform F&S legislative development processes on
initiatives to address mismatches identify “levers” of change…capacity utilization,
technology applications, multi-jurisdictional funding, labor rules
a decision support tool for freight and trade interests
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism15
Source: Reebie Associates, Transearch (“Truck” comprises primary shipments.)
Air: 22%
Truck: 7%
Rail Intermodal: 6%
Average All Modes: 4%
Rail Carload: 2%
Inland Water: >0%
Higher
Lower
5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Compound Annual Growth, 1990 to 1998
Le
vel o
f S
erv
ice
Co
nti
nu
um
Modal Growth in Tonnage Demand for reliable, high-speed service is growing
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism16
Total National and International Traffic in 1998 (9.8 Billion tons, $9.1 Trillion )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
National International
Tons Value
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism17
Top Gateways for International Freight Exports and imports in tons
Exports
Imports
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism18
Domestic Truck Freight Flows, All CommoditiesHighway Freight Density in Tons
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism19
Truck Freight Flows, High-Service CommoditiesHigh-value and time-sensitive products, highway freight density in tons
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism20
Rail Freight Flows, All CommoditiesRail freight density in tons
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism21
Rail Intermodal Flows, All CommoditiesRail freight density in tons
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism22
Growth by Region: US Inter & Intra-Regional Tonnage Growth to 2020 (Preliminary Findings)
100%
89%
89% 79%
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism23
Total Combined International and Domestic
Truck flows to/from LA Basin (in tons)
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism24
International Truck Flows To/From LA Basin (in tons)
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism25
Domestic Truck Activity To/From LA Basin (in tons)
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism26
Public Policy Trends
Less focus on economic deregulation, but more focus on safety regulation
Disjointed incrementalism: Public sector awareness of the need for multi-modal policy, planning, and investment
Growing demand to re-link transportation investment and economic development
Difficult to engage private sector freight interests in state and MPO planning processes
Increased environmental involvement regarding air quality, sustainability, environmental justice
Inadequate freight planning data and analysis tools
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism27
Public Sector(States, MPOs)
Private Sector(Shippers, Carriers)
Global
National
Regional
Local
Freight Transportation PerspectivesState and MPO focus is regional and local; private sector focus is increasingly national and global
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism28
Public Policy Implications
Diminishing productivity returns from deregulation but potential re-regulation to preserve competition
Pressure for reduced accidents and fatalities More complex planning and investment environment Use of highway trust funds for non-highway freight projects Increased local involvement of transportation activities
(NIMBY) New institutional arrangements needed Greater reliance upon infostructure
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism29
The Challenge exists
Both passenger and freight demand upon the nation’s infrastructure will increase significantly
Freight growth will nearly double to 2020; with higher growth in some corridors and nodes
Current planning/programming/financing methods may not adequately address freight’s unique concerns
Need to develop surface transportation reauthorization that fully reflects freight transportation needs
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism30
Three Areas of Improvement
Institutional Development Establish statewide and metropolitan freight advisory
groups…coordinate with economic development Develop multi-jurisdictional freight coalitions
Infrastructure Investment Expand innovative financing options - eligibility issues Raise freight emphasis during the planning/programming
process
Information Technology (Infostructure) leverage technology to optimize system performance
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism31
DOT Strategic Plan
“...Advance America's economic growth and
competitiveness domestically and
internationally through efficient and flexible
transportation.”
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism32
ISTEA
Intermodalism
Innovative Finance
TEA-21
Funding Increase
State/local freight focus
???
Information Technology
Infrastructure Funding
(multimodal?)
Institutional Development
Efficiency Equity Effectiveness
1991 - 97 1998 - 03 2004 - ??
The Evolution of Freight Policy
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism34
Future Challenges - 3 I’s
Information Technology - leverage technology to optimize system performance
ITS – full deployment across the region, with links throughout the supply chain
Linkage with border crossings, air, and marine ports of entry - national security, trade processing, credentialing
Data needs - develop real-time operations information system - technology as enabler
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism35
Increasing System Productivity Requires Technology
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism36
Intermodal Freight Technology Working Group (IFTWG) Initiative Public/Private venture initiated through ITS
America following Reston Intermodal Technology conference in 98
All modes represented Neutral forum allowing private and public sectors to
look at end to end intermodal freight process and search for technology improvements
Identified key areas for operational tests
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism37
Information FlowMotor CarrierMotor Carrier PortPort
ImpedimentsImpediments
Manual entry of Manual entry of documentationdocumentation
Physical FlowPhysical Flow
TruckTruck GateGate PortPort
cargocargodrop-offdrop-off
cargo cargo pickuppickup
Ocean Carrier
Motor Carrier
Port Receiver
Paper-based invoicing Paper-based invoicing and paymentand payment
No advanced No advanced notification of arrivalnotification of arrival
Dock appointmentDock appointment
Notification of arrivalNotification of arrival
Yard plan produced; unloading point and Yard plan produced; unloading point and
handling equipment assignedhandling equipment assigned
Present bill of lading, delivery orderPresent bill of lading, delivery order
Verify truck, driver, appointment,Verify truck, driver, appointment,
demurrage arrangementdemurrage arrangement
Entry pass and clearanceEntry pass and clearance
Dock receipt issuedDock receipt issued
Vehicle inspected andVehicle inspected and
truck cleared for departuretruck cleared for departure
ShipperMotor Carrier
Port
Mapping Intermodal Freight Process
IFTWG Priorities Asset and Cargo Visibility
Improve productivity of container and chassis usage Improve staging of both assets to have them when needed Enable shipper to have end-to-end cargo visibiity
Terminal Dray Operations Improve cross town movements Commercial vehicles staged to pick up containers Increase speed of dray and number of turns per operator Less dray congestion
Freight Information Highway Freight asset and cargo information in a standard format Share information between freight industry segments and with public
domain in an open architecture
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism
U.S.Department of TransportationSecretary’s Office of Intermodalism39
Intermodal Freight Operational Tests
Projects Currently Funded by Federal DOT Chicago; highway-air cargo electronic manifest and
biometric smart card Seattle area; Port of Tacoma, use of electronic container
seals for clearance and tracking through region and across international border
PAR/Cargo Mate project with Port Authority New York/Jersey to test intermodal chassis tagging and tracing for improved asset management
Others planned for 2001; possible joint projects with DOD