The Future of Exercise Science

8/14/2019 The Future of Exercise Science

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The Future of

Exercise Science

By Linda Young

And Asaundra Pickett


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A Paradigm Shift

Definition

Changes which occur over time andafter the initial fear of change has

subsided


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Example of a Paradigm Shift

The switch from mechanical Swiss

watches to electronic watches made

by the Japanese and Americans in

the 1970s

The exercise science discipline

The shift is still occurring


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Accounts of human movement have

been highlighted throughout history

Planning and executing movementhave been two of the most basic

survival skills

Movement skills were practiced and

incorporated into competition, tribal

rituals, and war


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Chinese believed that disease couldresult from inactivity

The Greeks became the first to keep

a scholarly account on how humanmovement was accomplished

Leonardo da Vinci studied in detail

human movement and descriedmuscle origins, insertions, andactions throughout a range of motion


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Advancement in the study of human

movement during the 20th century

began in different disciplines:

Physiology

EngineeringPsychology


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Basic Science Effects

Increase in the growth and

development of scientific-based

curricula

Increase in the number of

laboratories studying human

movement

These have led to increased

opportunities for graduate study and

research


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Many technologic advances invarious exercise science subdisciplines

Respiratory gas analysisComputers facilitated data collectionand increased the amount of data

compiledCellular and molecular mechanism forexercise responses and adaptationshave become the principle variables


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Disciplinary Vs. Professional

Concerns

After WWII, people studying human

movement were found in academic

settings (PE departments)

Traditional PE programs focused on

teacher preparation

Undergraduate PE preparation since

the 1970s has changed


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Presently, there is an in-depth

scientific, knowledge-based approach

concerning human movement in

addition to the traditional teachereducation approach

Undergraduate programming

requirements include:


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Calculus

Chemistry

Physics

Biochemistry

Anatomy and Physiology

Exercise Physiology

Biomechanics

Nutrition


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There is little difference between the

general academic course requirements for:

Physical Therapy

Medicine

Exercise Science


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This approach in conjunction with the

increased awareness for the need to

be physically active to improve health

has open many professionalopportunities previously not available

for students in exercise science


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Exercise science is used as pre-

professional training for students

interested in the following

professional careers:

Occupational Therapy

Physical Therapy

Medicine


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Career opportunities in Clinical

exercise settings include:

Cardiac rehabilitation programming

Pulmonary rehabilitationprogramming


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National Associations include:

ACSM American College of Sports

Medicine

AACVPR American Association for

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary

Rehabilitation


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The Paradigm Shift revisited

The transition from a traditionalteacher education approach to ascience based approach reflects a

paradigm shiftA transition from a discipline thatemphasized teacher preparation to anew discipline that emphasizedscience-based preprofessionalpreparation


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This new approach is the discipline of

exercise science

Exists alongside its sister discipline of

physical education

The refinement of exercise science

as an academic discipline effectively

leads to a refocusing of physical

education


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Physical education retains the status

of academic discipline

But

Its activities have taken on the

characteristics of a profession


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Academic disciplines are chiefly

concerned with providing definitions,

descriptions, and cause-effect

relationships of variables

These are research-based activities

that seek t add to the body of

knowledge of the discipline


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Professions are concerned with

objectives, programs, teaching,

learning, and evaluation.

Clinical professions are concerned

with diagnoses, therapies,

prescription, rehabilitation, and

prognoses


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The knowledge derived from thediscipline of exercise science istranslated into practice by the

professionProfessions often function as a guidefor the discipline which may lead thediscipline to alter a theory based onobservations made in the day to daypractice of the profession


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Discipline

Principle function is todevelop a coherentbody of knowledge

that describes,explains, and predictskey phenomena fromthe domain of interestor subject matter

Profession

Professions try toimprove the conditionsof society by providing

a regulated service inwhich practices andeducational/trainingprograms aredeveloped that are in

accordance withknowledge availablefrom one or morerelevant disciplines


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Discipline

Seek to understand

subject matter

Profession

Implement change

based on the

understanding ofsubject matter


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Future Perspective

Future will not be like the past because it will bemore complex

New data that are yet to be established may not

be like current data.

Frames of reference, demographics, science andtechnology, social norms, cultural norms, and

political institutions will all very independently ofone another as well as independently of scienceand technology.


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Future Perspective

Predicting the future courses anddirection has been neglected

Swanson and Massengale states

The process of creating alternative futures,studying them, and then selectively choosingmost appropriate future is not currently beingdone in the field of exercise and sportscience. The leadership of the field needs to

focus attention upon the creation ofalternative futures, the selection of one, thentake the necessary steps to make the futuretrue.


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Future Perspective

Historical development of exercise sciencereveals 2 consistent points

The direction and growth of the profession mustcontinue to be assessed and it must be

determined whether the present curricula aremeeting the this growth

Possibly the most important consideration isthe continued development of a science-basedexercise science curriculum so there iscontinued training of undergraduate andgraduate students in the scientific subdisciplines of human movement andperformance


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Exercise Science in the 21st

Century

The journey that began in the 20thcentury will lead to exciting newdiscoveries

Future Studies

Purpose are to discover or invent:

examine and evaluate and proposepossible, probable and preferablefutures


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Exercise Science in the 21st

Century

Questions AskedHow will exercise science continue to develop?

What will be the relationship between thediscipline of exercise science and new and

existing professions with human movement astheir knowledge base?

Will out understanding of human movementcontinue as rapidly as the pace of technologicadvancement?

For any future to be bright it takeshardworking people with a vision to make ithappen


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Another Paradigm Shift

The next shift may see exercisescience and related movementprofession take on a much more

prominent role in societyGroups such as PT, PE, andgovernment will begin funding aradically new vision of whathealthcare could eventually becomeby 2015.


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Market forces that were driving healthcare

policy at the end of the 20th century are

likely to become more intense in the first

decade of the 21st

centuryAs population ages, exercise and physical

activity will play a larger role

The economic burden could drive healthcare

cost up to unforeseen heightsA decision could be made to restructure

healthcare delivery


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Medical profession may bejuxtaposed with that of movementprofession in the year 2015 (pg. 416)

Movement profession earning couldmore than double

Practice in private office, clinics, andmedical centers

Future landscape of the movementprofession would mirror that of themodern medical profession


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Future Trends

The middle of the 21st century the world

would consist of 70 million Americans over

65 and 12 million over the age of 85.

The older population will have greaterchance to be healthier than any person of

similar age in previous generations.

Lifestyle interventions being the best

method for optimizing health and reducing

healthcare cost


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Future Trends

Important research directions exercise

science will embark on is to determine the

medical value of exercise for preventing,

managing, and treating disease andrehabilitating patients.

Society will begin to expect individual who

work in some aspect of exercise science to

be knowledgeable, certified, andacademically prepared.


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Future Trends

As more data substantiate the important

roles of exercise and nutrition on health,

exercise science will continue to gain

acceptance in the medical and allied healthprofession

Claude Bouchard and Barry A. Franklin

both were exercise scientist of at the end of

the 20th century made predictions thatshould help students of exercise think

about future direction.


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Future Trends

Claude Bouchard

Daily energy will continue to decrease

Increasing prevalence of overweight and

obesity

Development of the field of molecular

exercise science


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Future Trends

Barry A. Franklin

Courses in exercise and nutrition

counseling will assume an increasingly

important roleThe socioeconomic ramifications of

keeping older adults self-sufficient

through physical activity programs will

represent important opportunities in

gerontology


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Future Trends

In this century exercise science and

those professions relying on the

movement knowledge base will play

an important role in the lives of us all

The Future of Exercise Science

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