The future in sanitation is off the grid -...
Transcript of The future in sanitation is off the grid -...
![Page 1: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Dr Björn VinneråsAssoc Prof Environmental Engineering
The future in sanitation is off the grid
![Page 2: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Situation today
160L per person & day— Personal hygiene 60L— Laundry 20L— Dishwashing 30L— Toilet flush 30L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 10L
60
30
30
20
1010
Water usage
Hygiene Dish Toilet Laundry Food Other
![Page 3: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Waste hierarchy
![Page 4: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Waste hierarchy
![Page 5: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The waste hierarchy
6 Wastewater untreatedWWTP
![Page 6: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The waste hierarchy
6 Wastewater untreatedWWTP
Water saving
![Page 7: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The waste hierarchy
6 Wastewater untreatedWWTP
Water saving
Sludge management
![Page 8: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Disconnect from grid?
Telephone is disconnected
Low / zero energy housing
Low / zero water housing?
![Page 9: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Off grid houses exist – still linear
Eco house – Kathmandu
Sustainable house –Sydney
Rainwater fed systems
Water treatment and reuse for irrigation or ground water recharge
Challenge — Wastewater management
![Page 10: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Internal water recycling
Blue diversion water wall
Orbital systems— 5L water/shower— 12L flow/min
60L water for personal hygiene is reduced to zero
![Page 11: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Situation today
100L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 20L— Dishwashing 30L— Toilet flush 30L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 10L
Water usage
Dish Toilet Laundry Food Other
![Page 12: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Laundry
Deionised water washing- no detergents— Easier to treat water— Circular system
Steaming of clothes— LG system
Xero polymer beads— Small amount of water
![Page 13: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Future sanitation
80L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 0L— Dishwashing 30L— Toilet flush 30L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 10L
Water usage
Dish Toilet Food Other
![Page 14: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DishwashingWater used as carrier
CO2 is an alternative
Sand + air— Patented method
US20140102485 A1
Sound + air— Ultrasonic cleaning— Ecocleaner – Electrolux
lab 2010
![Page 15: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Future sanitation
50L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 0L— Dishwashing 0L— Toilet flush 30L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 10L
Water usage
Toilet Food Other
![Page 16: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Toilet – can we go dry from wet?
Benefits of a flush toilet— Flush & forget— Someone else problem— Instant local information of
some misuse - blockages— No feed back of other
missusage - pollutants
![Page 17: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Toilet – can we go dry from wet?
Benefits of a flush toilet— Flush & forget— Someone else problem— Instant local information of
some misuse - blockages— No feed back of other
missusage - pollutants
![Page 18: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Toilet – a dry system?
Solid waste route?
Infrastructure available— Solid waste
management
Cassette system
Information of misuse
Excreta— No visual contact— No physical contact
Faeces Urine
![Page 19: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Toilet – faecal management
Faeces annually / person— 50 kg wet weight— 10 kg dry weight— 2 kg ash
Toilet paper / person— 5 kg dry weight— 0.5 kg ash
Family of 4— 0.16 kg day— 1 kg / week
![Page 20: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Toilet – urine system requirement
Family of 4
50 L2500 L
1 year1 week
![Page 21: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ALKALINE
DEHYDRATION BED
FRESH URINEIN
STABILISED URINEIN
HOT AIRIN MOISTURE-LADEN AIROUT
Alkaline dehydration
![Page 22: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Effect of drying
>80% N RECOVERY
100% P RECOVERY
100% K RECOVERY
Dried UrineLiquid Urine20 kg
Liquid Urine
0.6% N
Dried Urine1 kg
>15% N
VOLUME REDUCTION
95 %
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION
25 times
![Page 23: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Drying potential
![Page 24: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Drying potential
![Page 25: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Toilet - urine 95% volume reduction
90% Nitrogen recovery
Valuable product— 15%N— 1.5% P— 5% K
Final product Pellets
Commercial NPK fertiliser— 20-50% replacement
![Page 26: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The new UD system
Urine diversion— Flush – no flush
Placed in toilet room— No extra piping— 0.25m2 for family of 4
Final design not determined
![Page 27: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Future sanitation
20L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 0L— Dishwashing 0L— Toilet flush 0L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 10L
Water usage
Food Other
![Page 28: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Future sanitation
10L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 0L— Dishwashing 0L— Toilet flush 0L— Drinking & Food 10L— Other 0L
Water usage
Food
![Page 29: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Future sanitation
10L per person & day— Personal hygiene 0L— Laundry 0L— Dishwashing 0L— Toilet flush 0L— Drinking & Food 10L
Drinking 1-2L— Other 0L
Water usage
Food Drinking
![Page 30: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The future – off the grid sanitation
We will always need water— 2-10 L with same
standards as today
Service level— not specific wastewater
products
Key to go off grid!— Internal circulation— Dry sanitation— Same service level as
today
![Page 31: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Where do we get the water from?
Rain water— Uppsala 500mm per year— 7m2 per person
Condensed water— Ventilation / AC— Refrigerator— Condensed urine water
Bottled water
![Page 32: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Added benefits
Polluter pays
Less corruption
Build anywhere
Flexible in size— Household— community
Climate resilient
This image cannot currently be displayed.
![Page 33: The future in sanitation is off the grid - SLU.SEblogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/files/2017/...is-off-the-grid-Vinneras.pdf · 160L per person & day — Personal hygiene 60L — Laundry](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050416/5f8c973e2dd4df5e62712962/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Next generation of housing is off the grid
No need for network connections, neither electricity
nor water, nor wastewater