The Fur Trade

Study Guide Review

Number 1

What was the reason for First Nations people’s first contact with

Europeans?

First contact occurred when they traded with explorers fishing for cod off the east coast. P.108

Number 2

Did First Nations and Europeans benefit from their early interactions

and trade?

Both groups benefited from their early interactions and trade but as the fur trade developed, it became less beneficial to First Nations. P.109

Number 3

Name the two main French fur trading and shipping centres during the 1600’s.

Québec and Montréal P.110

Number 4

What major seaway helped develop the fur trade and why?

The St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence river gave access to the trading networks of the Innu, Ouendat and Kichesiprini, which penetrated deep into the prime fur country of North America. P.111

The St. Lawrence River

Number 5

Who allied with the French during the 1600’s?

The Ouendat. P.111

Number 6

Describe the location of Quebec as a trading centre.

It was on the St. Lawrence and enabled better trade. P.111

Number 7

Why did many First Nations peoples accept Christianity?

They converted to Christianity for trade and military alliances. P.112

*Many first nations people had little interest in becoming Christians so they followed a blend of Christian and

traditional practices.

Image from the film Mission of Fear (NFB) 1975

Number 8

What was the role of middlemen?

The Ouendat became middlemen between the French and First Nations established in the

Great Lakes region, such as the Anishinabe.

The Ouendat would collect the furs and bring them to the French forts. P.112

Number 9

Who were the coureurs de bois? P.112

“Runners of the Woods”, were independent fur traders who traded directly with the First

Nations. P.112

1790 TRADING POST by C.W. Jefferys    

Number 10

What was the French trading strategy?

Their trading strategy was to develop direct contact and partnerships with the First

Nations peoples. P.117 /113

Number 11

Who are the Métis? Where did they settle?

The Métis are people of mixed cultural background such as French and First Nations or Scottish and First Nations. They settled in

an area called Red River. P.117/123

Red River Settlement

Number 12

Define portage.

To carry their goods on land to avoid rapids, including the canoes and pelts. P.118

Number 13

Name the two main fur trading companies.

Hudson Bay and North West Company P.121 /130

Number 14

After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain

took over the fur trade, but what else

did they want?

They wanted land and farm products. P. 122

Number 15

What role did the Métis women play?

Metis women were trade and business partners, skilled interpreters, and companions. P.127

Number 16

What is pemmican?

A staple provided by First Nations to the Europeans. It was a food source made of

dried meat, pounded and mixed with berries and fat. P.128

Number 17

After years of competition, these two rival companies merged (joined) and were

called what?

The Hudson’s Bay Company P.130

What hat wouldsuit you?

Interactive Map

Click on the link.

Hbc Heritage - Learning Centre - Map - Map

HBC Coat of Arms

Number 18

Define monopoly.

Having control of all resources in an area. P.131

Number 19

Why did Britain sell Rupert’s Land to Canada?

They were afraid of an American invasion. P.131

Number 20

What was the main factor for expanding west and the migration of people

westward?

The fur trade. P.133

1828 FRAZER RIVER, YALE, B.C.

by Sherriff Scott                        

Number 21

What eventually happened to the trading forts after the decline of the fur trade?

They became permanent settlements. P.134(Image - Fort Vancouver)

Number 22

Why did the Cree move westward?

They moved westward because the buffalo were disappearing in the east. P.134

Who are we?

We are the ___________!P:\Social 7\4. Chapter Four\We Are The

Beaver.ppt