The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

Created By: Michael Kelman

Chief Pontiac Chief Pontiac (Chief of the Ottawa)(Chief of the Ottawa) ““These lakes these These lakes these

woods and mountains woods and mountains were left to us by our were left to us by our ancestors. They are ancestors. They are our inheritance and we our inheritance and we will part with them to will part with them to no one … You ought to no one … You ought to know that He, the know that He, the Great Spirit and Great Spirit and Master of Life, has Master of Life, has provided food for us in provided food for us in these spacious lakes these spacious lakes and on the woody and on the woody mountains”mountains”

The French and Indian War The French and Indian War The war that raged in North America from The war that raged in North America from

1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger struggle 1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger struggle between France and England, known as the between France and England, known as the Seven Years’ WarSeven Years’ War

Most Native American Indians fought on the Most Native American Indians fought on the side of the Frenchside of the French

Although few did fight on the side of the Although few did fight on the side of the EnglishEnglish

The war began when the English became The war began when the English became alarmed at the Forts being built by the alarmed at the Forts being built by the French in the Ohio River Valley and George French in the Ohio River Valley and George Washington’s defeat at Fort NecessityWashington’s defeat at Fort Necessity

So the English sent So the English sent General Edward General Edward BraddockBraddock commander in chief of the commander in chief of the British forces to America to drive the French British forces to America to drive the French out of the Ohio Valleyout of the Ohio Valley

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian WarBraddock Marches to DuquesneBraddock Marches to Duquesne

June 1755: Braddock sets out from June 1755: Braddock sets out from Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated British troops and a smaller number of British troops and a smaller number of blue-coated colonial militias including blue-coated colonial militias including George Washington as one of his aidsGeorge Washington as one of his aids

Braddock’s army took several weeks Braddock’s army took several weeks to trek through dense forest to Fort to trek through dense forest to Fort Duquesne Duquesne

They marched in columns and rows, They marched in columns and rows, and took time out everyday to sit and and took time out everyday to sit and have teahave tea

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian WarBraddock Marches to DuquesneBraddock Marches to Duquesne

July 9, 1755: Native American July 9, 1755: Native American Warriors and French troops Warriors and French troops ambushed Braddock and his menambushed Braddock and his men

The French and Native Americans hid The French and Native Americans hid behind trees and fired at the bright behind trees and fired at the bright uniforms of the Britishuniforms of the British

The British confused and frightened The British confused and frightened could not even see their attackerscould not even see their attackers

The British lost badly loosing nearly The British lost badly loosing nearly 1,000 soldiers including their 1,000 soldiers including their Commander in Chief General Edward Commander in Chief General Edward Braddock Braddock

British Lose to French and Indians During British Lose to French and Indians During March to DuquesneMarch to Duquesne

William Trent’s Journal William Trent’s Journal Map of Fort Duquesne/PittMap of Fort Duquesne/Pitt

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War 1756: The fighting in America leads to the 1756: The fighting in America leads to the

start of a war in Europe between the French start of a war in Europe between the French and English known as the and English known as the Seven Years WarSeven Years War

The first years of the war went terrible for The first years of the war went terrible for the British and their American coloniesthe British and their American colonies

The French captured several British forts The French captured several British forts including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake GeorgeGeorge

Frances Native American allies began Frances Native American allies began staging raids on frontier farms from New staging raids on frontier farms from New York to what is now West VirginiaYork to what is now West Virginia

They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and crops, and chased many families back to the crops, and chased many families back to the coastcoast

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian WarPitt Takes ChargePitt Takes Charge

After William Pitt comes to power as After William Pitt comes to power as secretary of state and then as prime secretary of state and then as prime minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war begins to turn in favor of the British begins to turn in favor of the British

William Pitt was an outstanding military William Pitt was an outstanding military commander who knew how to pick skilled commander who knew how to pick skilled commanders and oversaw the war effort commanders and oversaw the war effort from Londonfrom London

To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt decided to pay for the war decided to pay for the war

However he ran up a huge debt and would However he ran up a huge debt and would raise colonist taxes after the French and raise colonist taxes after the French and Indian WarIndian War

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian WarThe British Under PittThe British Under Pitt

Pitt intended to conquer French CanadaPitt intended to conquer French Canada To do so he sent British troops to North To do so he sent British troops to North

America under the command of officers America under the command of officers Jeffrey Amherst and James WolfeJeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe

1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured 1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured the fortress at Louisbourgthe fortress at Louisbourg

That same year British officers captured That same year British officers captured Fort Frontenac at Lake Ontario, and Fort Frontenac at Lake Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne (renaming it recaptured Fort Duquesne (renaming it Fort Pitt)Fort Pitt)

The French and Indian War The French and Indian War The Battle of QuebecThe Battle of Quebec

September 1759: British general James Wolfe September 1759: British general James Wolfe finds a way to attack the capital of New France finds a way to attack the capital of New France QuebecQuebec

Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St. Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St. Lawrence River the capital was thought of as Lawrence River the capital was thought of as impossible to attackimpossible to attack

A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up the back of the cliffthe back of the cliff

Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the path and scrambled up it at nightpath and scrambled up it at night

They waited outside the fort on a field called the They waited outside the fort on a field called the Plains of AbrahamPlains of Abraham

Here they surprised and defeated the French Here they surprised and defeated the French ArmyArmy

James Wolfe died in the battleJames Wolfe died in the battle

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian WarThe Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris

After the fall of Quebec a year later the French After the fall of Quebec a year later the French took another devastating loss when General took another devastating loss when General Amherst captured MontrealAmherst captured Montreal

This brought an end to the fighting in North This brought an end to the fighting in North AmericanAmerican

1763: 1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris France is permitted to France is permitted to keep some sugar producing islands in the West keep some sugar producing islands in the West Indies Indies

1763: 1763: The Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris England receives England receives Canada and most of Frances islands east of the Canada and most of Frances islands east of the Mississippi River, England also receives Florida Mississippi River, England also receives Florida from Frances ally Spainfrom Frances ally Spain

1763: 1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris Spain receives French Spain receives French land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana Territory) as well as the port of New OrleansTerritory) as well as the port of New Orleans

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian WarThe Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris

1763: 1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris marked marked the end of France as a power in the end of France as a power in North AmericaNorth America

The continent was now divided The continent was now divided between Great Britain and Spain with between Great Britain and Spain with the Mississippi River marking the the Mississippi River marking the boundaryboundary

Native Americans still living on the Native Americans still living on the lands and were not given a section of lands and were not given a section of it by the European agreement it by the European agreement

Trouble on the Frontier After Trouble on the Frontier After the French and Indian Warthe French and Indian War

The British victory over the French was a The British victory over the French was a devastating blow to the Native Americans devastating blow to the Native Americans of the Ohio River valleyof the Ohio River valley

They had lost their French allies and They had lost their French allies and trading partnerstrading partners

They began to trade with the British but They began to trade with the British but saw them as enemiessaw them as enemies

The British raised prices of traded goods The British raised prices of traded goods and unlike the French refused to pay and unlike the French refused to pay Native Americans for the use of their landNative Americans for the use of their land

Worst of all, British settlers began moving Worst of all, British settlers began moving into the valleys west of Pennsylvania into the valleys west of Pennsylvania

Pontiac’s War Pontiac’s War Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa

village near Detroitvillage near Detroit He recognized that the British settlers He recognized that the British settlers

threatened the Native American way of lifethreatened the Native American way of life Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the

Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the BritishBritish

Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the Great Lake regionGreat Lake region

Summer 1763: The alliance of Native Summer 1763: The alliance of Native Americans kill settlers in Western PA and Americans kill settlers in Western PA and VirginiaVirginia

These raids became known as These raids became known as Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War

Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War Although the Native Americans won Although the Native Americans won

many battles they failed to capture many battles they failed to capture important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt, important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt, and Detroitand Detroit

1765: The Native Americans were 1765: The Native Americans were defeated by the Britishdefeated by the British

July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace treaty and was pardoned by the treaty and was pardoned by the BritishBritish

The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of 1763 To prevent more fighting King George To prevent more fighting King George

halted settler’s westward expansionhalted settler’s westward expansion In In the Proclamation of 1763the Proclamation of 1763 the the

Appalachian Mountains were the temporary Appalachian Mountains were the temporary western boundary for the colonieswestern boundary for the colonies

This angered many colonists who were This angered many colonists who were already living in the area, or who have already living in the area, or who have recently purchased land in the arearecently purchased land in the area

These colonists land claims were now not These colonists land claims were now not recognized recognized

The Proclamation of 1763 created friction The Proclamation of 1763 created friction between the colonies and Great Britain between the colonies and Great Britain

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