The following list is comprised of our picksfor the top 10 misused drugs in the world today:

The top 10 misused drugs in the world today:

1. TOBACCO : biggest killer (400,000 deaths/year)

2. ALCOHOL : most widely abused legal substance

3. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS : dangerously addictive, rising in popularity

4. METHAMPHETAMINE : become a drug of choice, meth labs seizures up

5. MARIJUANA : most widely abused illegal substance

6. MDMA (ECSTASY) : little research on long term effects, still popular7. CRACK COCAINE : cheap, destructive drug making a comeback8. HEROIN : highly addictive drug making a comeback in some areas9. STEROIDS : horrible side effects, the toll they're taking on athletics10 INHALANTS : abuse is on the rise among youth again

The Definition of a DRUGThe Definition of a DRUG

Drug:Drug: any any substance that substance that changes the way changes the way you feel, think or you feel, think or behave behave

Examples?Examples?

Cocaine, Tobacco, Alcohol, Aspirin

What affect does a drug have on a What affect does a drug have on a person?person?

DRUG AFFECTS

Short Term Long Term

METHODS OF DRUG METHODS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION

1.1. ORAL INGESTION:ORAL INGESTION:-most common-most common-most convenient and simple-most convenient and simple-preparations: Tablets, Capsules, -preparations: Tablets, Capsules,

LiquidLiquid-slowest method of reaction-slowest method of reaction-Stomach to bloodstream takes -Stomach to bloodstream takes

time – Body acids and time – Body acids and enzymes can destroy drug enzymes can destroy drug composition (ie. Insulin)composition (ie. Insulin)

-Affected by amount of food in -Affected by amount of food in stomachstomach

DRUGS

1. Alcohol

DRUGS:

Over 100 million people in Canada and the U.S. use alcohol

In the U.S. on teenager dies in an alcohol related car crash every 20 minutes

About half of all fatal car crashes in this country involve alcohol

According to the National Safe Boating Council, alcohol is involved in more than 50% of the boating accidents in the U.S. and Canada

Driving with a hangover may diminish your driving ability by as much as 20%

Alcoholics have a death rate that is 2.5 X’s higher than that of normal non-alcoholics

Al low doses, alcohol has some effects of a stimulant; at higher doses, it acts as a depressant

Even in small amounts, alcohol reduces one’s sense of taste & smell and affects vision

Alcohol decreases fear and increases one’s likelihood of taking dangerous risks

Alcohol consumed by a pregnant woman can damage the health of her fetus for life (fetal alcohol syndrome

The liver can only metabolize or break down about one ounce of alcohol in an hour. That is less than the alcohol contained in one beer.

Each year in the U.S. and Canada, over 25,000 people die from cirrhosis of the liver

In 2004, Americans drank an average of 2 gallons (7.57 liters) of alcohol per person. This translates roughly into one six-pack of beer, two glasses of wine and three or four mixed drinks per week

What is the “Drug” in Alcohol?What is the “Drug” in Alcohol?

The alcohol The alcohol found in found in alcoholic alcoholic beverages is beverages is ethyl alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol).(ethanol).

Did you know?Did you know?

EthanolEthanol is used in different things? is used in different things?

House hold cleaning products

Car fuel

HOW IS ALCOHOL MANUFACTURED?

Alcohol Manufacturing

Fermentation: of fruit or grain mixtures(Beer)

Distillation: of fermented fruit or grain mixtures (Spirits such as whiskey, rum, vodka and gin are distilled.)

Alcohol Content vs. BeverageAlcohol Content vs. Beverage Examples of alcohol percentages in Examples of alcohol percentages in

beverages:beverages:

0102030405060708090

100

Beer Light Beer Wine Booze(vodka)

Types of Alcohol

Percent Alcohol

Concentration

(%)

You will not find pure alcohol in most drinks; drinking pure alcohol can be deadly because it only takes a few ounces of pure alcohol to quickly raise the blood alcohol level into the danger zone.

Alcohol and TeensAlcohol and Teens Alcohol can have a negative impact on Alcohol can have a negative impact on school work, athletic performance, school work, athletic performance, friendships, family relationships, and friendships, family relationships, and career goals.career goals.

CAN YOU NAME REASONS CAN YOU NAME REASONS WHY TEENS ABUSE WHY TEENS ABUSE

ALCOHOL?ALCOHOL?

1.To escape pressures or problems

2.To feel better or get over being sad or lonely

3.To deal with stress and relax

4.To feel more self-confident in social situations (parties)

5.For excitement

6.To fit in

7.To deal with boredom

8.Because their friends are doing it

TEEN ALCOHOL FACTSTEEN ALCOHOL FACTS Half of all teens who die Half of all teens who die

each year die as a direct each year die as a direct result of alcohol or other result of alcohol or other drug use, and many of drug use, and many of these deaths happen in these deaths happen in accidents and are accidents and are preventable!preventable!

Alcohol is a factor in many Alcohol is a factor in many unplanned pregnancies as unplanned pregnancies as well as in cases of sexually well as in cases of sexually transmitted diseases, dating transmitted diseases, dating violence, rapes, suicides, violence, rapes, suicides, and homicidesand homicides

Nearly 5 million problem Nearly 5 million problem drinkers in this country are drinkers in this country are between the ages of 14 and between the ages of 14 and 17.17.

1. Mouth: alcohol enters the body.

2. Stomach: some alcohol gets into the

bloodstream in the stomach, but most goes on to the small intestine.

3. Small Intestine: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.

4. Heart: pumps alcohol throughout the body. 5. Brain: alcohol reaches the

brain. 6. Liver: alcohol is oxidized by

the liver at a rate of about 1.0 oz per hour. Alcohol is converted into water, carbon dioxide and energy.

Alcohol kills brain cells!

Young Brains on Alcohol Clearly, Young Brains on Alcohol Clearly, experimentation with alcohol during youth experimentation with alcohol during youth is bad news. But now research shows it's is bad news. But now research shows it's even worse than you think. Recent studies even worse than you think. Recent studies suggest that drinking harms the suggest that drinking harms the developing brains of adolescents and developing brains of adolescents and teens possibly even more than it does teens possibly even more than it does adults. The repercussions may include adults. The repercussions may include learning and memory problems, among learning and memory problems, among others. If confirmed, the results provide others. If confirmed, the results provide additional evidence that young people additional evidence that young people should avoid alcohol.should avoid alcohol.

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NERVE SYNOPSIS AND THE AFFECT OF ALCOHOL

CEREBRUM: Voluntary actions and control of ability to reason

CEREBELLUM: Coordination, muscular control, balance.

SPINAL CHORD: Sends messages to and from the brain and body organs

MEDULLA: Controls involuntary actions, such as breathing, digestion, heartbeat, and circulation.

1.CEREBRUM: 1-2 Drink (BAC = .01-.05) Persons system begins to slow down, very relaxed. Should wait approximately 1hr to drive

2. CEREBELLUM:. 3-4 drinks (BAC = .05-.10) Fine motor skills decreased (responsiveness ) Decrease in reaction time and judgment. Person may feel alert.

3. SPINAL CHORD: 5-7 drinks (BAC = .1-.18) The senses are dulled (speech, vision) Balance is altered, decreased sense of pain.

4. MEDULLA:

8-12 Drinks (BAC = .2 0-.33) Reflex actions are decreased. Body temperature drops, blood circulation/respiration drops. Unconsciousness may occur. Further drinking may induce coma or alcohol poisoning and death.

FACTORS INFLUENCING RATE FACTORS INFLUENCING RATE OF ABSORPTIONOF ABSORPTION

1.Amount consumed. i.e.) 1 drink vs 5 drinks / hour

2.Drinker’s size, sex, age, body build, and metabolism

3.Type and amount of food found in the stomach

NOTE: ONCE IN THE BLOOD, NOTHING EXCEPT FRUIT SUGAR (ONLY IN SOME CASES) WILL SLOW DOWN THE AFFECTS OF INTOXICATION

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

In low doses,alcohol produces: -stimulant-a relaxing effect -reduces tension -lowers inhibitions -impairs concentration -slows reflexes -impairs reaction time -reduces coordination

In medium doses,alcohol produces: -slur speech -cause drowsiness -alter emotions

In high doses,

alcohol produces: -vomiting -breathing difficulties -unconsciousness -coma

The effects of alcohol depend on 3 factors:

a) Amount taken b) Users past drinking experiences c) Taking drugs at the same & speed time?

Bloobly bla blee gloop..

BOOZE BINGE KILLS STUDENT:

A university of Michigan engineering student died Monday morning after celebrating his 21st birthday with at least 20 shots of Scotch Whiskey.

Byung Soo Kim consumed the alcohol in only 10 minutes at a party police said. He was blue and unconscious when he was found early Saturday morning in an apartment.

Kim died at 6 a.m. Monday at the University of Michigan Medical Center. His blood alcohol level was nearly 4 times the legal level of drunkenness when he was admitted to the hospital police said.

Friday night was supposed to be a party for Kim, where 11 friends gathered in an apartment building to celebrate his 21st birthday. Ann Arbor police said Kim was trying to down a shot for every year of his life, but passed out after the 20th shot.

At the hospital , several hours after drinking the shots, Kim’s blood alcohol level registered 0.39. That is 4 times the level of what is considered legally drunk in North America (0.08)

Physiological Effects of Alcohol and Physiological Effects of Alcohol and the Bodythe Body

BRAIN: Alcohol is a "downer," It directly affects the brain cells. Unclear thinking, staggering and slurred speech may result. Large amounts of alcohol may cause unconsciousness or death.

HEART: Alcohol can increase the workload of the heart. Irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure can result.

LIVER: Alcohol can poison the liver.  Prolonged use causes extensive damage and failure. (Cirrhosis)

ContinuedContinued STOMACH/PANCREAS: Alcohol

irritates the digestive system. Vomiting and ulcers may result.

VEINS/ARTERIES: Alcohol

widens blood vessels causing headaches and loss of body heat.

BLOOD: Alcohol reduces your body's ability to

produce blood cells resulting in anemia and/or

infections.

MUSCLES: Alcohol can cause muscle weakness, including the heart muscle

The legal Ontario limit of alcohol concentration in the blood is 0.08

Consequences of Driving Under Consequences of Driving Under The InfluenceThe Influence

Break The Law, Pay The Price

DRUGS CONTINUEDDRUGS CONTINUED … …

DRUGS

1. Alcohol 2. TOBACCO

TOBACCO…What is it?TOBACCO…What is it? Tobacco is a plant that grows Tobacco is a plant that grows

in very high temperaturesin very high temperatures Tobacco contains a highly Tobacco contains a highly

addictive chemical called addictive chemical called NICOTINENICOTINE

Why Do Teens Smoke?Why Do Teens Smoke?

1. Peer Pressure: Friends vs 1. Peer Pressure: Friends vs AdvertisingAdvertising

2. Look Cool: - It’s Attractive to 2. Look Cool: - It’s Attractive to “not care” “not care”

- Danger = - Danger = Excitement Excitement

3.3. Affects are not immediate: relaxingAffects are not immediate: relaxing

4. Affects hunger sensation4. Affects hunger sensation

Stained Teeth

Mouth Cancer

Stale Smell in Hair

Stuffy Nose

Halitosis

Skin Wrinkles

Deadened Taste Buds

Damaged Cilia

Irritated Throat

Increased Heartbeat

Heart disease

Stained Yellow fingers

Less Oxygen to Lungs (LUNG CANCER)

Stroke

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis

Tobacco and its affects on the bodyTobacco and its affects on the bodySmoking can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke:

What Chewing Tobacco Can Do What Chewing Tobacco Can Do For You!For You!

MOUTH SORESINCREASE YOUR RISK OF: Pharangeal Cancer

Esophageal Cancer

HALITOSIS: Bad Breath

DESTRUCTION OF GUMS

DISCOLORED TEETH

LIP STAINS

CANCER OF THE:

-Cheek

-Mouth

-Tongue

-LipsCHEWING TOBACCOS OFTEN CONTAIN MORE NICOTINE THAN CIGARETTES

Your lungs are lined by millions of alveoli, the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. These alveoli provide an enormous surface area -- 90 times greater than that of your skin -- and thus provide ample access for nicotine and other compounds. Once in your bloodstream, nicotine flows almost immediately to your brain. Although nicotine takes a lot of different actions throughout your body, what it does in the brain is responsible for both the good feelings you get from smoking, as well as the irritability you feel if you try to quit. Within 10 to 15 seconds of inhaling, most smokers are in the throes of nicotine's effects. Nicotine doesn't stick around your body for too long. It has a half-life of about 60 minutes, meaning that six hours after a cigarette, only about 0.031 mg of the 1 mg of nicotine you inhaled remains in your body.

TOBACCOTOBACCO

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