The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly...

22
Toby Tsang Pak-nok 曾栢諾 Dr. Timothy Bonebrake The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ecologists reveal causes of butterfly diversity 全港首個市區公園蝴蝶研究 港大生態學家剖析分布成因

Transcript of The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly...

Page 1: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Toby Tsang Pak-nok 曾栢諾

Dr. Timothy Bonebrake

The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ecologists reveal causes of butterfly diversity

全港首個市區公園蝴蝶研究 港大生態學家剖析分布成因

Page 2: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Unprecedented Urbanization 前所未有的城市化

• From 1985 to 2009, global urban area doubled to 4.4 million km2

• 2009年的全球城市面積共有 440萬平方公里,是1985年的兩倍

• By 2030, it can increase to 5.85 million km2

• 2030年的全球城市面積將達 585萬平方公里

• The increase will be more drastic in biodiversity hotspots

• 未來的城市化將集中在生物多樣性熱點

Page 3: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Urban parks as habitats 把市區公園變成野生動物棲息地

• Large & intact nature reserve is not always an option

• 不可能把所有地方規劃成保護區

• It is observed that wildlife can exist in urban habitats such as parks

• 經常看到野生動物出沒市區公園

Page 4: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Determinants of species compositions 決定物種出現的因素

• Environmental processes 環境

• Species have different fitness in different habitats

• 物種在不同棲息地有不同的適應度

• Spatial processes 位置

• Species may occur at a site simply because they can disperse to that site

• 某地方純粹因為鄰近物種的棲息地,所以物種可以移動或傳播後代 至該地點

Page 5: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

The relative importance of these processes 兩項因素的重要性

• Generally, environmental processes are more important than spatial processes

• 一般而言,環境較位置重要

• Under high disturbance, species are eliminated from their favorable habitats, weakening environmental process

• 嚴重干擾可使物種滅絕於其棲息地,並使環境因素變弱

• Urban ecosystem is generally highly disturbed (e.g. vegetation management, insectide spraying)

• 城市生態系統一般受到嚴重人為干擾 (例如植披管理、噴灑殺蟲水)

Page 6: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Research questions 研究問題

• Are spatial processes more important than environmental processes in shaping urban butterfly species composition?

• 就決定市區公園蝴蝶分佈而言,公園位置是否比公園環境更重要?

• Does the relative strength of these processes change between abundance classes?

• 兩項因素的重要性會否因為物種的稀有程度而改變?

Page 7: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Research significance 是次研究的重要性

• Understand what species can make use of urban parks

• 記錄可棲息於市區公園的蝴蝶物種

• Provide suggestions for urban park management to enhance their conservation value

• 就提升市區公園的生態價值 作出建議

Page 8: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Study system 選址

All satellite images are from Google Earth 10.5 km

6.5 km

Lai Chi Kok Park 荔枝角公園

Nam Cheong Park 南昌公園

Ngau Chi Wan Park 牛池灣公園

Po Kong Village Road Park 蒲崗村道公園

Jordan Valley Park 佐敦谷公園

Choi Hei Road Park 彩禧路公園

Ping Shek Playground 坪石遊樂場

Kowloon Bay Park 九龍灣公園

Shek Kip Mei Park 石硤尾公園

Lion Rock Park 獅子山公園

Fa Hui Park 花墟公園

Morse park 摩士公園

Kowloon Tsai park 九龍仔公園

Carpenter Road Park 賈炳達道公園

Kowloon Park 九龍公園

Urban Council Centenary Garden 市政局百週年紀念花園

Hutchison Park 和黃公園

Ko Shan Road Park 高山道公園 Cherry street Park

櫻桃街公園

Page 9: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Study period & Methodology 時間和方法

• April – November 2014 • 2014年4月至11月

• Pollard Walk (50m transect) • 穿越線調查 (50米長)

• Record all the butterflies observed • 紀錄所有蝴蝶的數目

Page 10: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Environmental & Spatial variables 環境和位置因素

Environmental 環境 Spatial 位置

Temperature溫度 Latitude 經度

Canopy cover 冠層覆蓋度 Longitude 緯度

Host plant species richness and abundance

寄主植物多樣性和數量

Nectar plant species richness and abundance 蜜源植物多樣性和數量

Plant cover within 500m 五百米以內的植物覆蓋率

Page 11: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Environmental variables 環境

Nectar plant abundance 蜜源植物數量

Plant cover within 500m

500米以內的植物覆蓋率

Latitude and Longitude 經緯度

Spatial variables 位置

Common & Rare species 市區常見和罕有物種

Temperature 溫度, Canopy cover 冠層覆蓋度, etc…

?

?

Possible factors affecting butterfly distribution in local urban parks 影響市區公園蝴蝶分佈的潛在因素

Page 12: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Results 研究結果

• Pollard Walk – 51 species (HK total ~250 species)

• 51種蝴蝶 (全港共有約250種)

• 4 species classified as “rare” or “very rare” in HK by AFCD

• 4蝴蝶物種被漁護署列為全港 「罕見」或「非常罕見」

• Both forest and open area species presents

• 常見於森林和開揚地方的蝴蝶物種都可見於市區公園

Page 13: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Pseudozizeeria maha Pale Grass Blue酢漿灰蝶

Common in HK urban parks 香港市區公園常見

Page 14: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Papilio polytes Common Mormon 玉帶鳳蝶

Common in HK urban parks 香港市區公園常見

Page 15: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Catopsilia pomona Lemon Emigrant 遷粉蝶

Common in HK urban parks 香港市區公園常見

Page 16: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Mycalesis mineus Dark Brand Bush Brown 小眉眼蝶 Common in HK forests 香港樹林常見

Rare in HK urban parks 香港市區公園罕見

Page 17: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Jamides alecto Metallic Cerulean 素雅灰蝶

Rare in HK urban parks 香港市區公園罕見

Very rare in Hong Kong 香港非常罕見

Page 18: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Parks with highest species richness 蝴蝶多樣性最高的公園 Rank 排名

Site 地方

Species richness 多樣性

1 Ngau Chi Wan Park 牛池灣公園 27

2 Jordan Valley Park 佐敦谷公園 25

3 Kowloon Tsai Park 九龍仔公園 23

4 Lion Rock Park 獅子山公園 21

5 Kowloon Park 九龍公園 17

5 Morse Park 摩士公園 17

5

Po Kong Village Road Park 蒲崗村道公園 17

4

5

5

1

3

5

2

Page 19: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Findings & Suggestions to urban park management 研究結果和對公園管理的建議

Rare Species 市區罕見物種

Potentially caused by disturbance 可能因人為干擾引致

Environmental variables 環境

Nectar plant abundance 蜜源植物數量

Plant cover within 500m 500米以內的植物覆蓋率

Latitude and Longitude 經緯度

Spatial variables 位置

Common Species

市區常見物種

Plant more nectar plant

種植更多蜜源植物

Increase surrounding plant

cover 增加周遭的植物

數量

Establish Nature Corner 設立「自然角」

Recommendation建議 Species 物種 Variable Type因素種類 Variable因素

Page 20: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Implications to urban habitat management – Common species 公園管理和市區常見物種

• Plant more nectar plant (preferably native species)

• 種植更多蜜源植物 (原生物種更佳)

• Increase the plant cover in surrounding landscape

• 增加周遭的植物數量

• However, it may not attract rare species

• 但這樣未必可以吸引市區罕見物種

Page 21: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

• Rare species is not explained by any environmental variables

• 環境因素不影響市區罕見物種分佈

• High anthropogenic disturbance may prevent rare species to establish population in parks suitable for them

• 嚴重人為干擾可能令這些物種未能於合適公園建立種群

• Establish “nature corner” to minimize disturbance (e.g. insecticide spraying)

• 設立「自然角」,減低人為干擾,例如噴灑殺蟲水

Implications to urban habitat management – Rare species 公園管理和市區罕見物種

Page 22: The first urban park butterfly study in Hong Kong: HKU ... PPT - Bio... · •High butterfly diversity in urban parks •市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性 •The butterfly species

Conclusions 總結

• High butterfly diversity in urban parks

• 市區公園有很高的蝴蝶多樣性

• The butterfly species richness of an urban park may depend on its environmental design

• 市區公園的蝴蝶多樣性受其環境設計影響

• Minimizing disturbance (e.g. establishing nature corner) may attract more species to urban parks

• 減低人為干擾,例如透過成立自然角,

可能有助吸引更多蝴蝶種