The first law of thermodynamics states that __________ is conserved.

a. matter

b. energy

c. entropy

d. temperature

The first law of thermodynamics states that __________ is conserved.

a. matter

b. energy

c. entropy

d. temperature

Entropy is a measure of the __________ of a system.

a. randomness

b. internal energy

c. temperature

d. polarity

Entropy is a measure of the __________ of a system.

a. randomness

b. internal energy

c. temperature

d. polarity

Since entropy is a state function, the change in entropy is equal to its final value __________ its initial value.

a. plus

b. minus

c. multiplied by

d. divided by

Since entropy is a state function, the change in entropy is equal to its final value __________ its initial value.

a. plus

b. minus

c. multiplied by

d. divided by

Entropy decreases when:

a. gases are formed from liquids.

b. liquids are formed from solids.

c. solids are formed from gases.

d. the number of gas molecules increases during a chemical reaction.

Entropy decreases when:

a. gases are formed from liquids.

b. liquids are formed from solids.

c. solids are formed from gases.

d. the number of gas molecules increases during a chemical reaction.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure, perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero (0 K) is:

a. infinite.

b. increasing.

c. decreasing.

d. zero.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure, perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero (0 K) is:

a. infinite.

b. increasing.

c. decreasing.

d. zero.

H = enthalpy. S = entropy. T = Kelvin temperature. The Gibbs free energy, G, is:

a. H + TS

b. H – TS

c. H x TS

d. H / TS

H = enthalpy. S = entropy. T = Kelvin temperature. The Gibbs free energy, G, is:

a. H + TS

b. H – TS

c. H x TS

d. H / TS

The value of ∆G, the Gibbs free energy change, for a system at equilibrium is:

a. positive.

b. negative.

c. rapidly fluctuating from positive to negative.

d. zero.

The value of ∆G, the Gibbs free energy change, for a system at equilibrium is:

a. positive.

b. negative.

c. rapidly fluctuating from positive to negative.

d. zero.

A reaction will be spontaneous at lower temperatures when the sign

of H and S is

A reaction will be spontaneous at lower temperatures when the sign

of H and S is

Upon heating, limestone (CaCO3) decomposes to CaO and CO2. Speculate on the sign of H and S for this

process. CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Upon heating, limestone (CaCO3) decomposes to CaO and CO2. Speculate

on the sign of H and S for this process.

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)