THE FIRST FOUR

1. Write in your planner: Unit 1 Notes.

2. Pick up the note packet from the table.

3. You will need a non-red writing utensil & your binder.

4. Remember: food, candy, gum, or beverages are PROHIBITED in the classroom.

COMPARING & CONTRASTING FICTION & NONFICTION

• Both types of fiction and certain types of nonfiction tell a story.• Both may be told from a clear point of view.• Both may use literary devices and effects including

imagery (word pictures), mood (a general feeling conveyed by words), and suspense (a reader’s anxious curiosity about what will happen next).

HOW ARE THEY ALIKE?

HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT??

Format, Structure, & Sample FormsA FICTIONAL story is structured around an imaginary conflict – a struggle between opposing forces – that triggers a series of imaginary events, called the plot.

Some types of fiction are

Novel

Short Story

Novella

Nonfiction that does not tell a story may explain a process or support an opinion.

Nonfiction examples that give practical information are functional texts such as textbooks, encyclopedias, and instructional manuals. Literary Nonfiction gives facts about a topic using the elements of literature. Examples are autobiographies & true crime novels.

Character Development: The author develops the character through their actions and conversations. Sometimes you can see a character change as a result of his or her experiences.  Plot Development: Each new event may heighten the tension, leading to the climax.

DEVELOPMENT

Illustration: After stating a general idea, an author may then give examples or tell a story that helps you understand the idea.  Proof: To show that a point is true, an author may construct a logical argument in support of the point by drawing on facts and other evidence.

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

Author’s Purpose- is the author’s reason for writing.

Inform•author's goal is to enlighten the reader with topics that contain facts; facts are used to teach and not persuade•Cause & Effect – examines the relationships

between two events, explaining how one event causes another•Compare & Contrast – analyzes the similarities

and differences between or among two or more things.•Descriptive Writing – gives specific details about

a subject.•Problem & Solution – describes a problem and

offers one or more solutions and how to achieve a result.

Make an Argument•To persuade the reader to change their mind•To convince the reader to accept what is written•To motivate to take action based on what is written

Entertain•author's goal is to provide enjoyment for the reader

INFERENCEMaking inferences means noticing details that an author provides and using them to make logical assumptions about the events, settings, themes, and other story elements that the author leaves unstated.  Inferences drawn while reading are much like inferences drawn in everyday life. Making an inference is the same thing as drawing a conclusion or making a generalization.

Read this sentence: He is known as the president with the beard and the black top hat who led us through the Civil War.• You can infer that the president being spoken of in the

sentence is Abraham Lincoln.

Guided Example:

Elizabeth thought she might find a way home through the forest near the high school. The skies overhead looked dark, and she was worried she might not make it home before it got worse. Luckily, Becky was driving by and stopped to give her a lift.

What can infer from the details in the text?A. Weather is going to get worse, maybe rain.B. Someone was following Elizabeth.C. Someone was following Becky in her car.D. There was a creature living in the woods.

Practice Example:

This paragraph is mostly about how A. exercise is easier than it looks. B. everyone should exercise daily. C. exercise increases your energy. D. exercise makes you live longer.

The main idea is what the text is mostly about. In a fictional story, the main idea is called the theme.

Read the paragraph, then answer the question.

It's no surprise that exercise increases energy. The physical challenge prepares your body in a variety of ways. Blood sugar is more quickly converted to fuel, more oxygen is supplied to your cells, and fight-or-flight hormones are released. Instead of leaving you exhausted, exercise energizes. Do it in the morning for an all-day high or later in the afternoon for a pick-me-up.

SUPPORTING DETAILS Supporting details in a paragraph, essay, or story are facts or

statements that describe or develop the main idea.

The presidential elections in Iran in June of 2009 created one of the year's most important stories. Incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad claimed victory with over 65% of votes. However, the citizens of Iran have reason to believe that the election was fixed. Mass protests and calls for a new election followed immediately after Ahmadinejad claimed victory.

Which sentence from this article supports the main idea sentence, “The presidential elections in June of 2009 created one of the year’s most important stories?”

ALLUSIONSAn allusion is a reference to a well-known person, event, place, literary work or work of art. Allusions allow the writer to express complex ideas without spelling it out.

Marvel’s The Avengers

Nick Fury makes an allusion to which book &

movie?

WHAT IS JARGON??technical terms, acronyms, and language used by people of the same professional or specialized interest group

Jargon Common Name

Myocardial Infarction

RBI

MO (Modus Operendi)

Heart attackRuns Batted In

A criminal’s usual way of operating or acting

Plot Diagram

First Person Third Person

Told by a character in the story.

Uses words like “I”, “me”, & “we”

Told by a narrator.

The narrator tells about the

action and dialogue from

an outsider perspective.

Uses words like “he”, “she”, & names

of characters.

OMNISCENT – all-knowing

narrator that knows all the

characters thoughts &

feelings.Limited – the narrator knows the thoughts &

feelings of one character.

Common Topics for Theme – “Big Ideas”Courage Equality acceptance

Dreams Love honesty

Kindness Jealousy Friendship

Fears Hope Family

Achievement Differences Hard work

Never give up Being yourself Doing the right thing

Theme – the central message or lesson learned from a fictional story