The First CZAR• Ivan IV aka Ivan the ___________ came to

the throne of Russia at what age?• The landowning nobles attempted to

control Ivan until he crowned himself czar and married Anastasia Romanov

• Rule by Terror– Why does Ivan turn against the boyars?– What did Ivan do to earn him the name Ivan

the Terrible?– Ivan even killed his oldest and strongest son,

the heir to the Russian throne

• Rise of the Romanovs– The “Time of Troubles” occurs because Ivan’s

son is incapable…imposters even try to take the throne

– Michael Romanov (Anastasia’s grandnephew) is chosen to rule…why is this significant?

Peter the Great Comes to Power• Peter the Great, another absolute ruler

restores order and strengthens the gov’t in Russia

• Russia Contrasts with Europe– Serfdom continued through the 1800s,

why?– Boyars knew little about Western Europe…

the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration, significance?

– How was Russia geographically isolated?– Many Russians were Eastern Orthodox, not

Catholic or Protestant

• Peter Visits the West– What did Peter focus on in terms of

advancing Russia technologically? – Peter learns about western culture and

brings back ideas of the rest of Europe

Peter Rules Absolutely

• Establishing St. Petersburg– Peter fights ___________ in order to

obtain the “window on Europe” on the Baltic Coast…for what purpose?

– What kind of land did Peter build this port city upon? Easy or difficult?

– Terrible working conditions and diseases killed many Russian serfs

– Russian __________ were able to move to the new port city at St. Petersburg

– Was Peter successful at westernizing Russia?

Peter Rules Absolutely

• Peter’s ultimate goal was the westernization of Russia to keep up with Europe both militarily and commercially

• Peter’s Reforms– Brings the Russian Orthodox Church under

state control with the Synod– Reduce the power of landowners and

increased the power of who?– Drilled the army with European tactics, a

soldier’s job was his life

• Westernizing Russia– Potatoes– Newspapers– Women– Fashion– Education