The First ColoniesThe First Colonies1585 - 17331585 - 1733

ColonizationColonization

Major nations seek to acquire overseas Major nations seek to acquire overseas territories for economic, political, or territories for economic, political, or military reasons. military reasons.

Push & Pull FactorsPush & Pull Factors

Reasons why immigrants leave and seek Reasons why immigrants leave and seek settlement elsewhere. settlement elsewhere.

Push: Push: starvation, war, poverty, religious/political starvation, war, poverty, religious/political

persecution. persecution. Pull: Pull:

land, opportunity, freedom, adventure. land, opportunity, freedom, adventure.

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies

Economy: Cash Crops: Tobacco, Economy: Cash Crops: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo. Rice, Indigo.

VirginiaVirginia Roanoke Island (1585)Roanoke Island (1585)

• British colony founded by John British colony founded by John WhiteWhite

• settlers mysteriously disappear settlers mysteriously disappear in 1590in 1590

• ““CROTOAN” (nearby Island?) CROTOAN” (nearby Island?) carved into treecarved into tree

Jamestown (1607)Jamestown (1607)

John SmithJohn Smith – British colonist & Protestant leader – British colonist & Protestant leader ProtestantsProtestants – opposed Catholic Church & had – opposed Catholic Church & had

separated from it. separated from it. Smith trades w/ Indians/later captured by the Powhatan Smith trades w/ Indians/later captured by the Powhatan

tribe. tribe. Rescued by chieftain’s daughter, Pocahontas.Rescued by chieftain’s daughter, Pocahontas.

JamestownJamestown

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Jamestown cont.Jamestown cont.

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses Elected Assembly - In VA in 1619.Elected Assembly - In VA in 1619.

Maryland (1634)Maryland (1634)

CatholicsCatholics Fleeing religious persecution Catholics migrated to Fleeing religious persecution Catholics migrated to

MD.MD. Under leadership of George Calvert, the Toleration Under leadership of George Calvert, the Toleration

Act was passed. Act was passed. • Law granting freedom of religion.Law granting freedom of religion.

The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

Economy: shipbuilding, timber, trade. Economy: shipbuilding, timber, trade. Plymouth Colony (1620)Plymouth Colony (1620)

Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom. Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom. • ““Separatists”, fled BritainSeparatists”, fled Britain

• The Bible was clear/unambiguousThe Bible was clear/unambiguous

• World was evil/ perseverance neededWorld was evil/ perseverance needed

• Sermons: lengthy/exercises in logic.Sermons: lengthy/exercises in logic.

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Massachusetts cont.Massachusetts cont.

Massachusetts Bay (1630)Massachusetts Bay (1630) John WinthropJohn Winthrop

12 term gov. who banished Hutchinson12 term gov. who banished Hutchinson Organized Confed. of N.England.Organized Confed. of N.England.

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson Banned for preaching individual salvation. Banned for preaching individual salvation.

PlymouthPlymouth

Rhode Island (1636)Rhode Island (1636)

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Banned from MA Bay for criticism of those in Banned from MA Bay for criticism of those in

power. power. Later founds R. Island; religious tolerance.Later founds R. Island; religious tolerance.

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

Economy: Mills, Farming, “cash crops”: rye, Economy: Mills, Farming, “cash crops”: rye, wheat, barley. wheat, barley.

- New York (1624)- New York (1624)- Delaware (1638)- Delaware (1638)- New Jersey (1660)- New Jersey (1660)- Pennsylvania (1643)- Pennsylvania (1643)

William Penn William Penn • Founder who preached religious toleration.Founder who preached religious toleration.

The QuakersThe Quakers

Pacifist group. Pacifist group. Believed in Believed in

democracy in church gov’t.democracy in church gov’t. Equality of opportunityEquality of opportunity Freedom of expressionFreedom of expression Opposed to slaveryOpposed to slavery