The First and Future Webs

1 International Workshop on Information Science

Brasilia 5 December 2006

Kim H Veltman

Man would no longer need documentation if he were assimilated into an omniscient being - as with God himself. But to a less ultimate degree, a technology will be created acting at a distance and combining radio, X-rays, cinema and microscopic photography. Everything in the universe, and everything of man, would be registered at a distance as it was produced. In this way a moving image of the world will be established, a true mirror of his memory. From a distance, everyone will be able to read text, enlarged and limited to the desired subject, projected on an individual screen. In this way, everyone from his armchair will be able to contemplate creation, as a whole or in certain of its parts.

Paul Otlet, Monde: essaie d'universalisme -- connaissance du monde; sentiment du monde; action organisée et plan du monde

Brussels, Editions du Mundaneum, 1935

http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs/otlethyp.php

Paul Otlet, La machine a penser le monde, 1943

Parts Minutes 1. Present 10 2. Past 50 3. Future 30

Part 1

Present Web

In 1964, Paul Baran studied 3 kinds of networks and suggested a distributed network as the best option.

http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/baran_nets_large.gif

In 1992 Donna Cox and Robert Patterson (NCSA) visualized the Internet as a Web

http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/cox_1678_large.jpg

Since then there have been many web like visualizations: e.g. J.A Brown et al.(2000).

http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

1968 2

1990 1 million

1995 50 million

2000 200 million

2005 1000 million

Today 1086 million

Fixed Internet Growth

1993 131 GFlops

2000 2379 GFlops

2006 280600 GFlops

2008 1,600,000 GFlops

Top 500 Computers

Very Different Solutions are Being Explored.

1gramme of dried DNA can hold as much information as 1 trillion CDs.

DNA takes shape, BBC News ,12 January 2000

In 1995 the Internet was 95% English. In 2004 it was 36.2 % English. Global Internet Statistics September 2004.

http://www.glreach.com/globstats/

http://www.netvalley.com/languages_2001.gif

In September 2006, the Internet was 28% English.

http://www.glreach.com/globstats/

http://www.netvalley.com/languages_2001.gif

C reate

Search

D escribe

Evaluate

O bta in

M odify:Disaggregate

AggregateModify the content

Modify the sequence

U se/P layIntegrate

LocalD elete

R etractPublish

Approve

There are visions of complete usage: e.g. European Schoolnet Vision

http://www.elearningresults.com/ppt/stream%20H/H9%20CELEBRATE%20Simon_Assche_Pucci/20040514Sestri.ppt#341,13,Complete usage scenario

Wikipedia is Growing Enormously and is now the largest Encyclopedia in history.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia

New Plans

6 October 2006

Citizendium or Citizen's Compendium

guided by expert editors, and contributors will be expected to use their own names, not anonymous pseudonyms.

Full Text Scanning is Exploding in Size:

Dates Volumes Project 1949-1974 52 Index Thomisticus Father Busa 1972 -2001 12,000 Thesaurus Linguae Graecae 1971- 16,000 Project Gutenberg Michael Hart

1990s- 125,000+ Pollard Chadwyck >Proquest

2000 1.5 million Dissertations Proquest

2001 1 million Books, Raj Reddy, CMU 2004 15 million Books, Google 2005-10 6 million Books, European Commission via BNF

Internet as Ethernet and Internet as a Cloud:

sturtevant.com/reed/pres1.htm

Internet as Ethernet and Internet as a Cloud:

http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nhsitrc/resource/technology_prototype.html

The Semantic Web is focussing on these addresses (URLS, URNS) to establish security.

As a result the WWW acts as if the web of connections were effectively an Ether- net independent of objects in the physical world and different layers of reality.

Meanwhile the Internet has spread beyond this cloudto include:

Space Astronomy Earth Geography (GIS, GPS, UMTS) Oceans Oceanography

Hubble Telescope Images

heritage.stsci.edu/2005/12b/supplemental.html

Microsoft Virtual Earth

http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/050523-125208

VENUS (Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea) project

http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/050523-125208

Three Worlds: Virtual Heavens, Earth and Oceans and a WWW

http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/050523-125208

This is part of a larger trend to Map and Scan different worlds :

1. Metaphysical Philosophy, Religion 2. Mental Literature, Mathematics3. Physical Space Astronomy

Earth Geography Oceans Oceanography

4. Man Made Architecture 5. Social Sociology, Psychology

The deeper challenges for Semantic Webs of the future lie in linking information and knowledge beyond the Ethernet clouds to these different:

1) Levels of Reality2) Scales of Reality

The Semantic Web has focussed on the logical truth of 1-1 links via URLS.

A Semantic Web for Culture requires multiple sets of links which show how these 3 worlds are linked via many variants in terms of names and even explanations.

Ideas for the deeper challenges of future webs are found in the earliest webs of language and knowledge in India and the East that are claimed to go back 10,000 years.

Part 2

The First Webs

The idea of a web goes back to stories of creation.

The Aksak dung beetle created first man and woman from clay

www.crystalinks.com/ scarabs.html

In India the story of creation

is told as the story of the creation of language.

One of their starting points was study of 3 Phases of Moon.

Man = like Sun Woman = like Moon

3 Worlds = 3 Goddesses =3 Phases

Heaven Sarasvati Rhea Earth Parvati HeraUnderworld Durga Demeter

3 phases of moon =3 worlds =3 phases of life:

Heaven Sarasvati Young Earth Parvati MotherUnderworld Durga Crone

Juno

Minerva Aphrodite

Thus the monthly cycle entails either 2 x 15 days (30), 3 x 9 days (27) or of 4 x 7 days (28).

Female India

Young Woman Mature Woman Old WomanKali Lakshmi Durga Lakshmi Durga Saraswati

Arabia Al-Uzza Al-Lat Manat‘Uzza Allat (al-ilāhat Goddess) ManatVirgin Mother Visionary, witch

Greece Aphrodite Hera Minerva Selene Artemis Hecate Luna Diana Persephone Persephone Demeter Hecate

This inspires the Triple goddess in East and West.

In terms of Information architecture this points to a first need:

we need to go beyond 1-1 “is a” statements to represent the complexities of the triple goddess as her name moves from East to West.

The mysteries of woman weave

3 ages of life 3 worlds

with

3 x 3 = 9 threads.

In Sanskrit MAMA = Nutritive Principle which shows how

1 becomes 2 becomes 3.

It also leads to triple symbolism: Moon, as nutritive force (Mama); as rooftop in Japan; as Triskell.

[ii[i], h)]; i) as triskell [i] http://es.geocities.com/contraandrocentrismo/elam_india.html[ii] Photo by author from temple in Nikko. Cf. http://www.iecn.u-nancy.fr/~latocha/Photos/Japon15/Grand/triskell.jpgMama Symbol, Japanese Version and Triskell

It also leads to triple symbolism: Labyrinths in Celtic Ireland; Trinacria in Sicily and variants in Celtic Northern France.

3 Worlds of Knowledge

evolve in a

Matrix in 7 Stages

Stages

1. ANAM Nameless2. AGAM Inaccessible3. ALAKSA Incomprehensible4. AUM Vibration5. Kala Time6. Desh Space7. Patra or Anu Individuation

Stage 1 is

A

ANAM

Nameless

Stage 1 of Pre -creation results in one point.

A

The prime force is 1 with 3 forces potentially that will become 3 phases of the day.

K

A

Downward force in the evening

I +V sideways at noon > K.

Upward force in the morning.ΛΛ

ΛI

Stage 2 is

A

AGAM

Inaccessible

Stage 2 of Pre -creation results in two points.

In terms of Geometry, Stage 2 results in a line.

Stage 3 is

A

ALAKSA

Incomprehensible

Stage 3a of Pre -creation results in 3 points as an upward triangle: A, Ka, Tha.

In terms of the Sephiroth this entails 1, 2 and 3

http://www.aiwaz.net/kabbalah/sephiroth/sephiroth.htmwww.crystalinks.com/ tarot2.html

Stage 3b of Pre -creation results in 3 points as a downward triangle

In terms of the Sephiroth this becomes 2 and 3 and 6.

http://www.aiwaz.net/kabbalah/sephiroth/sephiroth.htmwww.crystalinks.com/ tarot2.html

In terms of Geometry this results in a Triangle.

Stage 4 is

AUM

Vibration

Creative force: obscures Ever-Uncreated

Stage 4 of Pre -creation results in 4 points.

In terms of the Sephiroth this effectively entails 2, 3, 4, 5

http://www.aiwaz.net/kabbalah/sephiroth/sephiroth.htmwww.crystalinks.com/ tarot2.html

In terms of Geometry this lead to a first square that generates the matrix.

Stage 5 is

Time

Kal

Change in the Ever-Unchangeable

Kala or Time entails 5 Points

In terms of the Sephiroth this effectively entails 4,5, 6, 7, 8

http://www.aiwaz.net/kabbalah/sephiroth/sephiroth.htmwww.crystalinks.com/ tarot2.html

These become the central spokes of Ginnungapap

1 — Мидгард, 2 — Муспельхейм, 3 — Нифльхейм, 4 — Асгард, 5 — Хель, 6 — Ванахейм, 7 — Ётунхейм, 8 — Свартальвхейм, 9 — Юсальфхейм.

http://ginnungagap.narod.ru/wrlds.gif

Kala or Time entails 5 Points which can be re-arranged.

In geometry these five points generate a matrix of 4 squares.

These four squares entail 9 points, which leads to 9 squares.

This becomes the Indian matrix of 3x 3 (9 squares) linked with the image

of a Tortoise or Kurma (avatar 2 of Vishnu).

In China this tortoise becomes the Lo Shu Diagram also involving a

matrix of 3 x 3 squares.

A Geometrical version of same Chinese Diagram shows how the

numbers always add up to 15 = 1 phase of the moon.

A Geometrical version of same Chinese Lo Shu Diagram shows how the

9 (3x 3) squares produce 16 (4 x 4 dots): the 15 days of the moon plus a 16th when it remains at its maximum.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9

13

10

14

11 12

15 16

In China the 5 points are drawn as 5 points with 4 joining lines.

This helps us to recognize that the Chinese and Indian methods are two

versions of the same matrix.

In India these 5 points become 4 squares of an inner matrix.

In like manner the 5 upper and lower lines in China generate 4 x 4 squares in India or conversely 5 x 5 points.

These 16 squares entail 25 points.

The Same 25 points arranged as 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 = all the male numbers under 10 in China.

21 January = Aquarius (formerly 21 December = Capricorn)

Draco, mirrored and the sign of 25 in the Tribu Restaurant.

http://www.cosmopolis.com/star-myths/classical-const-north.html

In terms of Geometry this is the pentagon that combines with triangles to generate the Five Pointed Star of SiVA that leads x 12 = Dodecahedron

http://www.geocities.com/sarabhanga/singularity.html

Stage 6 is

Space

Desh

Division is produced in Ever-Indivisible

Stage 6 of Pre -creation results in 6 points.

The upward and the downward triangle now meet as the Six pointed

star linked with the seal and stars of Vishnu, Solomon, and David.

http://www.devshoppe.com/YantrasOther.html

Stage 6 of Pre -creation also results in 6 points of the 3-D pyramid .

http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/rf-k-great-pyramid.htm

Stage 7 is

Atomic Form

Patra or Anu

One appears as innumerable objects

Stage 7 of Pre -creation results in 7 points.

In terms of the Sephiroth this effectively entails 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9

http://www.aiwaz.net/kabbalah/sephiroth/sephiroth.htmwww.crystalinks.com/ tarot2.html

Stage 7 of Pre -creation results in 7 points.

These 7 points become the 4 directions + up, down and centre.

http://www.kheper.net/topics/I_Ching/trigrams.htm

The 28 days of the month can then be drawn as a pyramid of points as a square of 28 points or as 6 x 6 squares with 49 points.

In the Westarithmetic = discrete quantitygeometry = continuous quantity and treated separately.

In the East Arithmetic and geometry are integrated.

This leads to matrices of squares and dots: 1 4 2 6 3 x 3 (9) 4 x 4 = 16 4 x 4 (16) 5 x 5 25 5 x 5 (25) 6 x 6 36 6 x 6 (36) 7 x 7 49 7 x 7 (49) 8 x 8 64 8 x 8 (64) 9 x 9 81 9 x 9 (81) 10 x 10 100 10 x 10 (100)

The 3x 3 square leads to a 4 x 4 square which, as we shall see, becomes

central in the development of alphabets.

This 4x 4 = 16 pattern x 4 = 8 x 8 = 64 Squares = chessboard, checkers

the game of Go (= Sanskrit for heavenly cow).

http://www.planetmike.com/games/chess/

In India this culminates in a 9 x 9 ( = 3 x 3 x 3 x3 = the 3 principle of Λ applied to the 4 directions) as the Vastu Purusha Mandala as basis for positioning gods and directions

http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/saranagati/html/nmj_articles/sacred_architecture/vastu-shastra-2.html

These matrices are found also in the New World .

The Vastu Purusha becomes the Indian Equivalent of Vitruvian Man.

www.salagram.net/ sstp-mgpuja3.html

In China, the I Ching uses dots with implicit Magic Squares.