The First Americans CH 1, sec 1 and 5 Ch 2. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Nomads - Agricultural...
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Transcript of The First Americans CH 1, sec 1 and 5 Ch 2. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Nomads - Agricultural...
The First Americans
CH 1, sec 1 and 5
Ch 2
Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica
Nomads - Agricultural Revolution – 8,000 BC
By the time Europeans arrived in the Americas in 1492, there were around 54 million people in the two American continents
3 Major Civilizations
The Mayans – ad. 900-1500s
The Aztec
ad. 1200s – 1500s
The Incaad. 1100 – 1500s
The Earliest North
Americans
The Mound Builders of the Ohio River valley
The Mississippian Culture
Cahokia
The Anasazi
The Iroquois Confederacy
Ch 1 Sec 5 European Explorers
The first Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the Norse, or Vikings
Leif Ericsson and 35 others explored the coast of Newfoundland in A.D. 1001
Their attempts for permanent settlement failed
Christopher Columbus wanted to sail across the Atlantic in an effort to get to India in the mid-1400s
Columbus was driven by the rediscovery of the work of a Greek astronomer named Claudius Ptolemy who drew maps of a round world.
Ptolemy’s work was rediscovered through the Renaissance or rebirth of culture and the return to classical learning in Europe.
The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther, opened interest in Europe to the rest of the world
Europeans fell in love with the silks
and spices from Asia
However the Crusades, holy wars won by the Muslims over Christians from Europe for control of the middle east, blocked trade
Columbus asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his expedition
Columbus and his three ships left Spain in August of 1492, and landed in the Bahamas, probably on what is today San Salvador
Columbus returned with gold, spices, parrots, and began the Columbian Exchange
Spain led the way for exploration in their search for God, Gold and Glory
Other Important Explorers
Leif Ericson – first European to reach Americas, Viking Marco Polo – Explored Asia and brought back goods for
Europeans Hernan Cortes – Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs John Cabot – First English explorer in America Amerigo Vespucci – Realized new world and named after him Ponce De Leon – Claimed Florida for Spain, Fountain of Youth Ferdinand Magellan – Circumnavigated the world Giovanni Da Verrazano – Frenchman who claimed northeast
coast for France Hernando Desoto – Explored and claimed the future U.S.
Southeast for Spain Francisco Coronado - Explored and claimed the future U.S.
Southwest for Spain, 7 cities of gold
13 Colonies Art Project
Draw all 13 original colonies, separated by regions
Write in each the who, when, why/how it was started
Color
This information comes from Ch 2 sections 3 and 4
English Colonies in America
At the time of exploration there were many changes going on in England
There were three major things that drove English colonization in the Americas
King Henry VII had just created the Anglican Church
Some wanted the Anglican church similar to the catholic church just not under the pope
Others wanted to “purify” the church of Catholic elements, while others wanted to “separate” from both churches
In 1620 the one group of separatist known as the pilgrims settled in Plymouth under William Bradford
The economy in England also affected American colonization
English landowners began to realize the price for wool in Europe was greatly rising
So they converted their lands to sheep farms, making many tenant farmers homeless and jobless
This became known as the enclosure movement
Also many of these merchants needed new markets for their wool so they formed Joint-stock companies to try to help set up colonies
Military conflict with Spain also aided settlement by the English
Sr. Walter Raleigh set up the first English colony in the Americas known as Roanoke, however it wouldn’t last
He named the land Virginia in honor of the queen
Journal - Tues, Aug. 23
Yesterday, we decided what it would take to leave our homes. Today we are going to start our own colony.
* What groups of people would be welcome? * What would your government/laws be like? * What would the name of your colony be? * How would your colony try to make money?
Answer these questions and give any other important, legal, and appropriate info for your colony
Jamestown was settled in 1606 by a charter from the Virginia Company, under the leadership of John Smith
Despite early struggles, mostly with Native Americans, the colony lasted, mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco
The colony was governed by the Virginia House of Burgesses which was the first representative government in the colonies
Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel
Other Colonies and Their Founders
Maryland – Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to have freedom to worship
Massachusetts – John Winthrop, a refuge for puritans
Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist
Connecticut – Thomas Hooker, they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies
New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts
New York and New Jersey – originally founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England
Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all
North and South Carolina – King Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming
Georgia – James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over
THE END