The Finnish case of salmon and salmon trout Asmo Honkanen, Kaija Saarni, Jari Setälä and Jarno...
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Transcript of The Finnish case of salmon and salmon trout Asmo Honkanen, Kaija Saarni, Jari Setälä and Jarno...
The Finnish case of salmon and salmon trout
Asmo Honkanen, Kaija Saarni, Jari Setälä and Jarno Virtanen
Salmar meeting in Paris21-22.11.2002
Major resultsDeliverable 1 / Survey
• steadily growing markets for salmonides * In 1980’s domestic production of salmon trout
* In 1990’s trade liberation (EU-membership)> growing import of fresh salmon
• salmonides are replacing domestic fisheries products
Deliverable 1 / Survey
• the prices of salmonides tend to integrate* low prices in 1995-96* Salmon agreement 1997: increasing prices 1997-2000
• imported salmon to fresh fish market, salmon trout increasingly used for processing * salmon : better availability, quality and image
* salmon trout: better raw material for processing
Deliverable 1 / Survey
• Concentration in retailing * two biggest retail chains > 2/3 market share
* bigger units > most of the food stuff is sold through bigger units
• Turnover of fish wholesalers and processors is growing
• The number of producers is decreasing
Deliverable 2 and 3 /Survey
• Imported fresh salmon and salmon trout are substitutes, but not perfect ones
* competion in the fresh fish market: the aggregated fresh fish market stayed stable in 1995-1999, but imported salmon replaced salmon trout * salmon trout remained the main raw material for the processing industry* salmon trout price was mainly determined by its own production volume and the price of imported salmon (1995-1999)
Deliverable 2 and 3 / Survey
• Markets for salmon and salmon trout were competitive from producers to wholesalers
• Two kinds of results at the retail level:
* Campaign prices > competitive markets * Normal prices > high margins, more stable prices
• Leading prices: * in the salmon chain export prices > salmon price in Finland is determined by the world market price* in the salmon trout chain: wholesale prices > wholesalers central actors in the salmon trout chain
Deliverable 2 and 3 / Survey
•Price cost margins
* smaller margins for salmon trout than for salmon,
especially at the beginning of the period 1995-1999
* declining margins for salmon
Price ex. processing plant for fresh whole gutted Atlantic salmon, iced, in polyboxes.Gathered by Federation of Norwegian Fishing Industry (FNL) from Norway' s 20 largest
exporters.Reflects approx. 60 per cent of Norwegian salmon volume Source: INTRAFISH
Salmon trout prices dropped in 2001
Real price of imported salmon and domestic salmon trout in 1992-2002 (8)
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
19
92
-1
19
93
-1
19
94
-1
19
95
-1
19
96
-1
19
97
-1
19
98
-1
19
99
-1
20
00
-1
20
01
-1
20
02
-1
€/k
g
Import price ofsalmon
Producer priceof salmon trout
Import prices of salmon trout
extra-ordinary low
Prices of salmon and salmon trout in 2001-2002 (8)
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
2001-1
2001-3
2001-5
2001-7
2001-9
2001-11
2002-1
2002-3
2002-5
2002-7
Hin
ta, €
/kg
Import price ofsalmon
Producer price ofsalmon trout
Import price ofNorwegian salmontrout
Retail prices at the same level
Retail prices of fresh salmon and salmon trout products
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
2001-1
2001-2
2001-3
2001-4
2001-5
2001-6
2001-7
2001-8
2001-9
2001-10
2001-11
2001-12
2002-1
2002-2
2002-3
2002-4
2002-5
2002-6
2002-7
2002-8
€/k
g
Norwegian salmon fillet
Domestic salmon troutfillet
Norwegian salmon troutfillet
Norwegian salmon
Domestic salmon trout
Norwegian salmon trout
Market for fresh salmonides grew by 40 % in 2001
Fresh fish market
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
To
nn
es
Salmon
Salmontrout
Market for processed salmonides grew by 20 % in 2001
Market for processed fish
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
To
nn
es
Salmon
Salmontrout
Autumn 2002:
Anti-dumping complaint concerning imports of large rainbow trout originating in Norway
and Faeroe Isles
Supporters: Fish Farmers associations in
France, Denmark, Sweden and UK
Policy implications of salmon agreement in Finland
• MIP is an inefficient tool, if the world market price is substantially lower than MIP • In Finland, MIP led to import of extra- ordinarily low-priced salmon trout, which is a perfect substitute to Finnish salmon trout• imported salmon trout replaced domestic salmon trout in the fresh fish market
Synthesis: Structural changes in fish industry in Finland
•The trade liberation triggered the concentration in the fish value chain in Finland:
* increased import - growth at wholesale and retail level
* the retail chains put more pressure to fish suppliers: - the retailers demand competitive prices, stable availability, high quality, wide range of products,
logistics facilities - intensified price competition: fresh fish > weekly offers
processed fish > 4 times/year
Structural changesin the wholesale/processing sector
Concentration
* Few big growing companies trade with the retail chains
• The availability and quality of raw materials and products are secured by
- imports- sub-contracts with smaller wholesalers and producers - common investments on processing
Structural changes in the primary production sector
• Imported salmonids puts new standard for domestic production: Especially for availability and quality
Supply of salmonides 1992-2002
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Mil
j. k
g
Salmon troutproductionImport ofsalmonImport ofsalmon troutSalmonfisheriesExport ofsalmonides
Structural changesin the primary production sector
•Rapid concentration of the production sector:
* The licenses limit the production growth* Expansion through buyouts of fish farms in Finland and in Sweden (over 20 % of production)
Five biggest Of the total production
1995 2001
fish farmers 11 % 46 %(Baltic herring trawlers 32 % 66 %)