The Feasibility Study
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ABSTRACT We report on the suppression of long-range wakefields in the main linacs of the CLIC collider. This structure operates with 2π/3 phase advance per cell. The wakefield is damped using a combination of detuning the frequencies of beam excited higher order modes (HOMs) and by light damping through slot-coupled manifolds. This serves as an alternative to the present baseline CLIC design which relies on heavy damping. We report on fabrication details of a structure consisting of 24 cells diffusion bonded together. This design known as CLIC_DDS_A takes into practical mechanical engineering issues and is the result of several optimisations since CLIC_DDS designs. This structure is due to be tested for its capacity to sustain high gradients at CERN. RF PARAMETERS A manifold damped and strongly detuned structure has been studied [1]-[2] as an alternative to the present heavily damped main linac structure for CLIC [3]. In order to satisfy the stringent rf breakdown and beam dynamics constrains two main modifications are performed. • Firstly, the cavity walls of the DDS cells are changed to elliptical shape from the conventional circular . It was necessary to reduce the pulsed temperature rise by re-distributing the surface fields. • Secondly, a moderate bandwidth of the lowest dipole frequencies was chosen so as to suppress the wakefields within allowable limit for a revised inter bunch spacing of 8 rf cycles (0.67 ns). Considering the mechanical challenges imposed due to an X-band operation (small structures) and breakdown issues pertaining to high gradient, a test structure known as CLIC_DDS_A has been designed to study the fundamental mode properties of this structure at high power operation. For a beam loading of 4.2 x 10 9 particles per bunch at an inter bunch spacing of 8 cycles, the peak input power requirement of this structure is 71 MW to maintain an average accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m. FABRICATION AND DESIGN OF THE MAIN LINACS FOR CLIC WITH DAMPED AND DETUNED WAKEFIELD SUPPRESSION AND OPTIMISED SURFACE FIELDS V. F. Khan †* , A. D’Elia †*‡ , A. Grudiev ‡ , R. M. Jones †* , G. Riddone ‡ , V. Soldatov ‡ , W. Wuensch ‡ † School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. * The Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology, Daresbury, U.K. ‡ CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. JINR, Dubna, Russia ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research has received funding from the European Commission under FP7 Research Infrastructure grant agreement no. 227579. V. Khan acknowledges receipt of funding from the Cockctoft Institute. REFERENCES [1] V.F. Khan, et. al, IPAC10, 2010. [2] V.F. Khan, et. al, To be published, NIM-A, 2011. [3] H. Braun, et. al, CLIC-Note764, 2008. [4] I. Syratchev, CLIC-Note503, 2002. [5] C. Nantista, PRST-AB, 7, 072001, 2004. [6] N. M. Kroll, et. al, LINAC00, 2000. RF properties Unit Value Accelerating mode properties Shunt impedance R’ (In, Out) MΩ/m 51, 118 Group velocity v g /c (In, Out) % 2.07, 1.0 Bunch population (N b ) 10 9 4.2 Peak input power (P in ) MW 70.8 Pulse length (t c p , t p p ) ns 251, 208 Pulsed temperature rise o K 51 Surface electric field MV/m 220 Modified Poynting vector W/μm 2 6.75 RF-beam efficiency (η) % 23.5 P in (t p p ) 1/3 /C in MWns 1/3 /mm 16.93 Luminosity / bunch cross m -2 1.36 x 10 34 Figure of merit arb. units 7.6 Lowest dipole mode properties Frequency spread ∆f GHz 2.0 Standard deviation - σ =∆f/3.48 Detuning spread ∆f/f c % 11.8 The long-range wakefield,W t , in a non-interleaved structure as CLIC_DDS_A, is non-adequately damped. However, a fully interleaved structure (8-fold interleaved) will suppress the wakefields well within the acceptable limits [2]. Purpose of this structure is to demonstrate the capability to sustain high powers. Envelope of wakefield in an 8-fold interleaved structure Transverse wakefield comparison DS Q cu ~ 5860 Beam dynamics constraint Recoherence position Spectral function(G) of CLIC_DDS_A Envelope of wakefield in CLIC_DDS_A CLIC_DDS_A : RF properties END CELL MATCHING PROCEDURE Full structure simulations are employed to account for fine tuning to get accurate accelerating frequency and phase advance per cell. An already existing mode launcher [4]-[5] will be used to feed the structure and then it is necessary to match input and output of CLIC_DDS_A to this device. The matching procedure consists in three basic steps: Parameters Value Remarks Φ acc (Deg.) 120° ∆Φ max =6° f acc [GHz] 11.994 S 12 0.705 S 11 0.004 t f [ns] 57.15 Q Cu 6165 Gradient averaged over 24 regular cells V 24 [V]@P in = 1 W 2678 L=198.6 mm G 24 [V/m]@P in = 1 W 13481 P in [MW]@<G 24 =100MV/m> 55.03 1 st step (For input and output cells): a) One simulates a structure as in Figure 1 with one regular cell (first or last) and two matching cells at each end. The minimum value of S 11 as a function of the geometrical parameters of the matching cells (ma and mg) is sought. b) One does the same for a structure with two and three identical regular cells in the middle. c) The matching is the one coincident to all three cases (Figure 2). Figure 1: Structure used for the matching procedure; ma, mb and mg are the parameters that might be varied: we opted for ma and mg because of the presence of the manifold which limits b variations. Figure 2: Matching condition for the output: only one minimum (encircled in red) is common to the three cases (noc is the number of regular cells in the structure) 2 nd step: Use Kroll method [6] to minimize the SWR from output to input (see Figure 3) Optimized Ez profile Phase Figure 3: Minimization of the SWR from output to input using Kroll Method: outlined in red the optimized Ez field profile and the respective phase advance (polar plot). 3 rd step: Finally, one refines the input match of the full structure (Figure 4 and Table) MECHANICAL DETAILS CLIC_DDS_A will consist of 24 discs and 2 output guide rings as shown in Figure 5). Accelerating frequency is tuned using a dedicated push-pull system inside each single disc. High precision discs (± 2.5 μm iris shape accuracy) will be machined with conventional technology (milling and turning) and finally diffusion bonded (required flatness accuracy is 1 μm) under hydrogen atmosphere. Four qualification discs have been produced by VDL with shape accuracy and surface quality within requirements (Figure 6a). Three of them have been successfully bonded by Bodycote (Fig. 6b). The full structure will be machined by Morikawa in Japan in collaboration with CERN and KEK. It is also foreseen to produce a first stack of ten all equal cells to be metrological measured and cold RF measured. CLIC_DDS_A : 3D cut- view Figure 5: CLIC_DDS_A disc subdivision Figure 6: CLIC_DDS_A: a) Test Discs by VDL, b) bonded Discs by Bodycote. a) b) Figure 4: a) Results of the input matching; b) transverse wakepotential from Gdfidl; c) group delay and Q factor a) c ) THP083 FINAL REMARKS A structure able to meet the dual requirements of minimal surface e.m. fields and well-damped wakefield (with 8-fold interleaving) has been designed. A single structure, CLIC_DDS_A, is being fabricated to test the high power performance at 71 MW peak input power and will be tested at CERN in 2012. GdfidL vs Circuit model
description
The Feasibility Study. ISNA Education Forum 2010 – Pre-Conference Starting an Islamic High School. The Feasibility Study. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Feasibility Study
The Feasibility StudyISNA Education Forum 2010 – Pre-Conference
Starting an Islamic High School
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy www.ayatampa.org
ISNA Education Forum 2010
“We have a successful K – 8 Islamic School. We know we want to have an Islamic High School for our students, and we know that we have to provide it for them. It is a noble and necessary venture, and, insha’Allah, we will make it happen.”
The Feasibility Study
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
" تَوَكّل و "اعقل
The Feasibility Study
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
A Feasibility Study is:
“Analysis or research into the practicality of a proposed plan or method, based on factors like marketplace, competition, available technology, manpower, and financial resources.” (Dictionary.com)
In our schools, “facilities” might take the place of “available technology.”
The Feasibility Study
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High schoolPerson / People in
Charge of Conducting this Portion of the
Study
Resources Needed to Meet Requirements /
Sources to TargetFinding(s)
Current School Population # of Students in Gr. 8
# of Students Required to Cover the Financial
RequirementsQuestions to ask:
Will all students be in one academic program?
Will there be different tracks/levels of coursework?
Will transportation be offered to students who
live in areas that may be closer to other Islamic
K-8 schools in the area?
Community(Students NOT currently
enrolled in Islamic School K-8 program)
# of Students in the Community Currently in
Gr. 8 Who Might be Interested in Islamic
High School if a Quality High School Presented
Itself
Other K – 8 Islamic Schools in the Area
# of Students in Other Islamic K-8 Schools in the Area Who Might be
Interested in Islamic High School if a Quality High School Presented
Itself
Feasibility Study Tables - Marketplace
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High school
Person / People in Charge of Conducting
this Portion of the Study
Resources Needed to Meet Requirements /
Sources to TargetFinding(s)
Public Schools
# of Students Currently Enrolled in K – 8
Compared to #’s in the Surrounding Public
Schools
# of Public High Schools that Serve the
CommunityPrograms Offered by
These Schools Questions to ask:Why/How do they
attract our students/families?
Private Schools
# of Students Currently Enrolled in K – 8
Compared to #’s in the Surrounding Private
Schools
# of Private High Schools that Serve the
CommunityPrograms Offered by
These Schools Questions to ask:Why/How do they
attract our students/families?
What are the Tuition/Fees being paid by the families for these
programs?Would they be willing to
pay the same tuition/fees for an
Islamic School Education?
Feasibility Study Tables -Competition
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High school
Person / People in Charge of
Conducting this Portion of the
Study
Resources Needed to Meet
Requirements / Sources to Target
Finding(s)
Classrooms
# of Total Classrooms
# of Classrooms Currently Being Used on a Daily
Basis
Questions to ask:Can any of the current rooms be physically
divided?Are there current classrooms that are empty
enough periods per day that they can be used for Gr. 9?
Lab Facilities# of Lab Facilities
(Computer & Science)
Questions to ask?How often are the Middle School Lab facilities
being used by Middle School?Can they be used for High School when not in
use by Middle School?How much equipment (if any) will need to be
added to meet requirements for Gr. 9 curriculum?
Sports’ Facilities
Sports’ Facilities Currently Available for Middle School
Questions to Ask:Will sports’ teams be developed for High
School?Will teams compete with other schools?Do dimensions of current facilities meet
requirements for High School competition?Will fees be charged for participating in such
activities?
Feasibility Study Tables -Facilities
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High schoolPerson / People
in Charge of Conducting this Portion of the
Study
Resources Needed to
Meet Requirements/
Sources to Target
Finding(s)
Teachers# of Teachers in Each
Grade Level & Subject Area
Adequate # of Trained Teachers to Teach High School Courses
Questions to Ask:Are there any teachers currently teaching
Middle School who may be able to teach High School courses?
Are there teachers in the community that can be recruited who are willing to teach on a
part-time basis if needed?Are there teachers who can teach more than
one subject area?
Academic Counselors# of Counselors
Available for Academic Counseling
Counselor (or other Admin) who is well-versed in High School requirements, College
Admission requirements, Scholarship availability & application process, etc.
Questions to Ask:If the current counselor does not have this
background, can s/he be trained?If not, is it possible to contract with someone outside the school to keep from having to hire
a FT person?
Administrators# of Administrators Overseeing Middle
School
Question to Ask:Is current Administrative Staff able to include
High School in their duties?
Feasibility Study Tables -Manpower
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High school
Person / People in Charge of
Conducting this Portion of the
Study
Resources Needed to Meet Requirements /
Sources to TargetFinding(s)
Tuition Income
Tuition Charged for Middle School as
Compared to That of Elementary x # of
Students at Each Level
Amount of Tuition that Will Need to be Charged per Student to Cover
Costs of High SchoolQuestions to Answer:
Will parents be willing to pay more for High School than for Middle
School?Will income from Elementary be used
to subsidize any shortfall?
DonationsAmount of Current Donations that Go towards General
Operating Expenses
Amount of Increase that Will be Needed in Donations in Order to
Cover Costs of High SchoolQuestion to Answer:
Is your community prepared to make more donations towards this end?
Federal GrantsAmount of Federal Grants Currently
Received Annually
Amount of Federal Grants that Will Come in with Addition of High
School
State GrantsAmount of State Grants
Currently Received Annually
Amount of State Grants that Will Come in with Addition of High
School
Private GrantsAmount of Private Grants Currently
Received Annually
Amount of Private Grants that Will Come in with Addition of High
School
Feasibility Study Tables - Financial Resources
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sub-Area Current Status Needed for High schoolPerson / People in
Charge of Conducting this Portion of the
Study
Resources Needed to Meet Requirements /
Sources to TargetFinding(s)
SalariesCurrent Salary Scale for Full-Time / Part-Time
Teachers
Salary Scale for High School Teachers
TrainingCurrent Annual Amount Spent on Teacher/Staff
Training
Amount that will be required for Middle School Teachers and/or
Admin to receive additional training that will qualify them to teach High
School courses and/or Supervise/Guide High School
students
FacilitiesCurrent Amount
designated for Growth & Development of
Facilities
Amount that will be needed to:1) Build additional space2) Modify existing space
Books, Equipment & Supplies
School’s Current Policies & Status Re: Books, Equipment &
Supplies
Questions to be Asked:Will textbooks be purchased new or
used?What is the requirement for
accreditation with regards to age of textbooks?
Will all equipment be purchased at one time or will it be purchased on a
quarterly or “as-needed” basis?Will parents be expected to pay for
the purchase of the textbooks, equipment and supplies, or will they be purchased with start-up money?
Feasibility Study Tables - Financial Requirements
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
The findings from the study must then be discussed, abilities determined
and decisions made as to: Whether or not to proceed with the project of adding a High School to the
existing K-8 school. What date to set as the planned opening date of the High School if the decision
is made to proceed. How many grade levels to add at one time. What type of academic programs to offer. Tuition and fee scales that will be set. Faculty/staff that will be hired, if any, and how they will be recruited. Retaining contractors if building or modifications of existing building are needed. How the idea will be marketed to the community and students recruited. Who will in charge of supervising/spearheading the process.
The Feasibility Study
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Implementation An A – Z Checklist
ISNA Education Forum 2010 – Pre-ConferenceStarting an Islamic High School
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy www.ayatampa.org
ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #1: Setting up the Steering Committee
Composedof: Administration, Board of Directors, Faculty, Clerical/Office Staff, and Motivated Parents
Set up to: Proceed with the investigation into what is required for launching the high school & for following-through until implementation.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #2: Knowing the Requirements
State Department of Education County School Board State University System Accrediting Board
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #3: Completing the Feasibility Study
The results of the feasibility will guide you through the rest of the steps.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #4: Setting Aside the Minimum Amount of Start-up Funding
How much money is required for start-up?
This amount must be collected & set aside; it will be used to cover: Remodeling existing facilities or buying/building new facilities Furnishing classrooms and labs if necessary Recruiting faculty and staff Recruiting students Publishing materials Purchasing Textbooks
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sample Budget is in the packet.
Attention must be made to what is needed “In Addition To” the existing program.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #5: Recruiting and Hiring Faculty and Staff
The needed faculty and staff will need to be recruited and hired. They will include:
Faculty (Teachers) Guidance Counselor (PT) High School Supervisor/Director (PT)
Recruiting of Faculty & Staff can be done through several different avenues which may include:
Teacher/Admin recruiting web-sites such as www.teachers-teachers.com Islamic and/or professional journals School’s web-site Local google/yahoo groups National Listserves
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
When determining staffing needs, a worksheet can be used that is similar to one included in the packet.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #6: Recruiting and Finalizing Enrollment for Minimum
Number of Students Required
How will the recruitment be done? Who is targeted? Who is reached? Who actually enrolls?
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #7: Remodeling / Purchasing / Move-In Schedule
This may take more or less time depending on what a school has determined are its needs. If the facilities are sufficient in the K-8 school to accommodate Gr. 9, then the work will be minimal and can probably be completed in a matter of weeks to a month.
If construction of new facilities will be involved, the scope of the construction will determine how early it must be started.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy www.ayatampa.org ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #8: Finalizing Student HandbookIt is very important to review the school’s policies and add what pertains specifically to high school. Include: (1) Description of the program & course of study (2) Promotion/retention policies (credit-based?)(3) Upgrading policy if applicable(4) Affiliations with local community colleges or on-line
high school programs if applicable(5) Etc.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Step #9: Finalizing Academic Calendar
Keep in mind dates for: PSAT / PLAN SAT / ACT / SAT Subject Tests AP Exams Ordering / Scheduling dates for each of these
exams Graduation
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
Step #10: Placing Orders for Books, Materials & Supplies
Textbooks can often be purchased at discounted rates from companies such as Follett or Budgetext.
Many supplies and furnishings can often be purchased at local auctions that are held regularly throughout the year.
Implementation: An A – Z Checklist
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
It CAN be done!
Insha’Allah wa bi ‘ithnihi
Having an Islamic High School
Sr. Magda Elkadi Saleh – Principal - American Youth Academy ISNA Education Forum 2010
