THE FALL AND RISE OF JAPAN

The Meiji Restoration

CHINA AS A MODEL

• How NOT to respond to European influence/demands

In Small Groups

Briefly list major steps and turning

point for China during the era of

European Imperialism.

Opium Trade and War

1839-1842

• Why opium?

• Western Advantages?

• Results (Treaty of Nanjing)

– 5 Coastal ports open to the British

– Hong Kong ceded to the British

– Limited tariffs for British

Internal Reforms

• Self-Strengthening

– Adopt Western Technology

– Maintain Confucian Traditions

– Can this be done?

• Think about impediments to reform

Obstacles to Industrialization

• Lack of standard weights and measures

• No paper money

• Little infrastructure

• Laws limiting manufacturing

• Cultural aversion to commerce

– Traditionally agrarian society

THE FALL AND RISE OF JAPAN

The Meiji Restoration

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• Role of shogun and daimyo?

• Role of emperor?

• Role of samurai?

• Role of business and industry?

• Peasants and agriculture?

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• The Black Ships

• Japanese term for western ships

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• Tokugawa Ieyoshi

• Dies shortly after Perry's expeditions

• Nothing shady

• US Commodore Matthew Perry

• 1853-54 Expedition

• Japan signs unequal treaty

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• Tokugawa Ieyoshi

• Dies shortly after Perry's expeditions

• Nothing shady

• US Commodore Matthew Perry

• 1853-54 Expedition

• Japan signs unequal treaty

Tokugawa Iesada

Ieyoshi's son, described as "sickly". Council of advisors led

by Abe Masahiro

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• Tokugawa Ieyoshi

• Dies shortly after Perry's expeditions

• Nothing shady

• US Commodore Matthew Perry

• 1853-54 Expedition

• Japan signs unequal treaty

Abe Masahiro

Chief advisor to the shogun. Does not think Japan can

resist but doesn't really have authority to make decisions.

Polls daimyo across Japan to help make decisions.

TOKUGAWA JAPAN?

What did

polling daimyo

just do to the

legitimacy of the

Shogunate?

"

19 say give in

19 say let's brawl

The remainder of

the 61 known

responses are vague,

suggest negotiation,

or say they are good

with whatever

THEN THE AMERICANS COME BACK

TOKUGAWA JAPAN?

Kanagawa Treaty

of 1854

Gunboat

Diplomacy

Unequal Treaty

Kanagawa Treaty

of 1854

Gunboat

Diplomacy

Unequal Treaty

TOKUGAWA JAPAN?

Kanagawa Treaty of

1854

Within 4 years Japan

had similar treaties

with the British,

Dutch, Russians, and

French.

Similarities to China?

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

• Tokugawa Iesada (r. 1853-1858)

• Major earthquakes with tsunami

• Foreigners living and trading in Japan

• Extraterritoriality: foreigners not subject to

Japanese laws or courts

• Cholera outbreaks

Tokugawa Iesada

Ieyoshi's son, described as "sickly". Council of advisors led

by Abe Masahiro

TOKUGAWA JAPAN?

Kanagawa Treaty of

1854

Within 4 years Japan

had similar treaties

with the British,

Russians, and French.

Similarities to China?

MOVEMENTS TO "EXPEL THE BARBARIANS"

• Political assassinations

• Violence against foreigners

• Official anti-Western proclamations

• Political division

• Continued Western aggression

THE END OF TOKUGAWA JAPAN

• Tokugawa Yoshinobu – last Tokugawa

Shogun

• Attempted modernization of army and navy

• Boshin War (1868-69)

• Provincial samurai revolt in the name of

the emperor

• Yoshinobu resigns and goes into

retirement

THE MEIJI RESTORATION

• Emperor Meiji – still a figurehead with no real power

• Meiji Oligarchy Develops – Goals

• Dismantle old social system

• Industrialization – government sponsored and privately owned

• Military Reform

• Social mobility

• Education reform

• Diplomatic missions throughout the world

• Daimyo and samurai lose official position but remain at the top of

social system

THE MEIJI ERA

• Emperor Meiji – still a figurehead with

no real power

• Meiji Constitution of 1889

• Limited Representative Government

Established

• German model of government

• Bicameral legislature – most powerful

figures were former nobility

THE MEIJI ERA

• Emperor Meiji – still a figurehead with

no real power

• Meiji Constitution of 1889

• Aggressive Foreign Policy

• Sino-Japanese War 1894-95

• Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR1904-05

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f?q=russo-japanese+war+cartoon&prev=/images?q=russo-japanese+war+cartoon&ndsp=20&hl=en&safe=active&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7ADBS_en&sa=N&start=100&um=1&imgurl=5cc6eb3a669ba278

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Forces_returning_2.jpg

THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN