Intercultural Communication Lecture 6 Culture and Face Systems Topic and Face.
The Face Lecture 19
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Transcript of The Face Lecture 19
The Face Lecture 19
Facial Injuries Injuries to the cheek, nose, lips and jaw
are very common in sports - especially those with moving objects, and or contact sports.
Wearing proper protective equipment can prevent many injuries.
Because the face has a vast arterial system , lacerations bleed freely and rapid swelling often occurs.
Soft Tissue Injuries
contusions , abrasions , lacerations are all managed the same on the face as in the rest of the body.
Minor lacerations ( less than 1 inch long and 1/8th inch deep) can be closed with a steristrip other wise sutures should be done.
Facial Fractures
Direct impact can fracture facial bones including the mandible (the jaw), maxilla (upper jaw) zygomatic (cheek) or the nasal bones
Nasal Fractures- most common facial
fracture in sport , it is particularly susceptible to lateral displacement.
Nose may appear flattened and lose its symmetry.
Deformity is usually present- especially with a lateral blow
Nosebleeds are almost always seen.
There may be crepitus over the nasal bridge and ecchymosis under the eyes
Rx- Control the bleeding , apply ie. to limit swelling and refer to Physician
Zygomatic Fractures With direct impact to the
zygomatic bone the cheek will appear flat or depressed
Swelling and ecchymosis about the eye may interfere with vision
Rx- Refer to doctor ASAP
Mandibular fractures are the third most common fracture associated with sports participation behind the nasal and zygotic fractures.
Seldom occur as isolated fractures - but usually as double fractures or fracture -dislocation.
In all fractures it is important to maintain an open airway, dress wounds , immobilize as best as possible and refer to physician.
27-9
Nasal Injuries
Epistaxis - nose bleed - in most cases bleeding will stop spontaneously by applying mild pressure at the nasal bone, ice may be used to stop persistent bleeding , Nasal plugs may be used - if bleeding continues for more than five minutes refer to physician.
Oral and Dental Injuries
To prevent dental injuries - mouthgaurds should be used at all times
Lacerations of the mouth - RX- Apply direct pressure - cleanse the
area with a saline solution Lacerations that extend completely
through the lip or large tongue lacerations - require special suturing
Dental Injuries - when the tooth is displaced outwardly or laterally - try to place tooth back into its normal position
when a tooth is displaced inwardly - it should be left alone
all dental injuries should be seen by a dentist ASAP
Teeth that have been totally avulsed from their socket can often be located
These teeth can be saved but time is of the essence
Do not touch the root or brush the tooth off If the tooth is rinsed in milk or saline and
replace intraorally with 30 minutes the prognosis for successful replanting is 90%
Replanting that occurs after 2 hours results in a 95% failure rate
The tooth can be replace or place under the tongue for transport to the dentist
Tap water or drinking water will damage the root and compromise replanting , hense should not be used
Fractures - should be referred to dentist ASAP
Ear Injuries
Cauliflower ear- a relatively minor injury caused by repeated trauma - a hematoma forms between the perichondrium and the cartilage of the outer ear
The hematoma should be aspirated by a physician to avoid permanent cartilage damage
If left untreated the hematoma forms a fibrosis in the overlying skin , leading to necrosis of the auricular cartilage , resulting in the cauliflower ear appearance
Protective headgear in sports such as boxing, wrestling, water polo and rugby is designed to prevent trauma to the ear but must be worn regularly to be effective
Rx - PIER
Eye Injuries Many eye injuries can be prevented
with proper protective wear Especially true in racquet sports
(squash, racquetball) Periorbitaal Ecchymosis ( Black Eye) -
swelling and hemorrhage into the surrounding eyelids and area
Inspect eye for obvious abnormalities and palpate for possible orbital fractures
Inspect the anterior chamber of the eye for bleeding
Check the ability of individual to focus Ice the eye by using crushed ice or ice
water in a latex surgical glove , do not use chemical bags
Rx- Refer to ophthalmologist for further examination
Foreign bodies- dust or dirt can lead to intense pain and tearing
The foreign body if not imbedded should be removed
The eye should be inspected for any scratches , abrasions or lacerations
If unable to remove -patch both eyes with a sterile gauze pad and refer to physician
Conjunctivitis ( Pinkeye) A bacterial infection of the conductive (the
membrane between the inner lining of the eye lid and the anterior eyeball)
The infection leads to itching , burning and watering of the eye, causing the conjunctiva to become inflamed and red - giving it a pinky appearance
Rx- This condition is highly infectious - refer to physician
Corneal Abrasion - a foreign body may scratch the cornea - resulting in pain and tearing
Blinking and movement aggravates this condition
A corneal abrasion is best seen by using a fluorescein dye strip - the dye alluminates the abrasion
Rx- involves an topical ointment and an eye patch
Detached Retina - damage to the posterior segment of the eye can occur with or without trauma to the anterior segment
A detached retina occurs when fluid seeps into the retina; break and separates the neurosensory retina from the retinal epithelium
This can occur days or weeks after the initial trauma
Condition is often described as a curtain falling over their eye - or seeing flashes of light going on and off
Rx - Immediate referral to ophthalmologist