The EU GeoCapacity Project - geology.cz ZEP-GG-2009-03-09 … · The EU GeoCapacity Project....

Assessing European Capacity for Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide

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The EU GeoCapacity Project


Presented by prof. Niels Peter Christensen

Chief Geologist Vattenfall Nordic

ZEP Government Group Meeting Brussels 12 March 2009

Based on a slides provided byThomas Vangkilde-Pedersen, GEUSVit Hladik, Czech Geological Survey

forCO2

Capture and Storage –

Response to Climate Change2nd

CO2

net east Regional Workshop for CE and EE CountriesBratislava, Slovakia, 3-4 March 2009


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The work in GeoCapacity comprised:

• Full assessment of countries not previously covered

• Update of GESTCO and CASTOR countries

• Inventory of major CO2 emission point sources and infrastructure

• Assessment of regional and local potential for geological storage of CO2 in:• deep saline aquifers• hydrocarbon fields (incl. EOR/EGR)• coal fields (incl. ECBM)

• Technical site selection criteria and methodology for ranking

• Contribution to guidelines for assessment of geological storage capacity

• Analysis of source – transport – sink scenarios and economical evaluations

• Further development of mapping and analysis methodologies (GIS/DSS)

• Collaboration with China and other CSLF countries e.g. India and Russia


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• Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

• University of Sofia

• University of Zagreb

• Czech Geological Survey

• Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology

• Bureau de Recherce de Geologie et Miniere

• Institute Francais du Petrole

• Bundesanstalt für Geologie und Rohstoffen

• Institute for Geology and Mining Engineering

• Eötvös Loránd Geophysical Institute of Hungary

• Isituto Nazionale Oceanografie e Geofisica Sperimentale

• Latvian Environment, Geology & Meteorology Agency

• Institute of Geology and Geography

• Geological Survey of the Netherlands

• Ecofys

• Academy of Science (MEERI)

• Geophysical Exploration Company

• GeoEcoMar

• Dionyz Stur State Geological Institute

• GEOINZENIRING

• Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana

• British Geological Survey

• EniTecnologie (Industry Partner)

• ENDESA Generacion (Industry Partner)

• Vattenfall Utveckling AB (Industry Partner)

• Tsinghua University

26 Project partners from 20 countries


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Steering Committee

One representative from each partnerThe SC meets twice per year

Steering CommitteeSteering Committee

One representative from each partnerOne representative from each partnerThe SC meets twice per yearThe SC meets twice per year

GeoCapacity Project Organisational Structure

Project ManagementGEUS

assisted by 2 WP leadersand a financial officer

Project ManagementProject ManagementGEUSGEUS

assisted by 2 WP leadersassisted by 2 WP leadersand a financial officerand a financial officer

WP 1BGS leader

WP 1BGS leader

WP 2GEUS leader

WP 2GEUS leader

WP 3IFP leader

WP 3IFP leader

WP 4GEUS leader

WP 4GEUS leader

WP 7GEUS leader

WP 7GEUS leader

WP 6BRGM leader

WP 6BRGM leader

WP 5TNO leader

WP 5TNO leader

EndEnd--User Advisory GroupUser Advisory Group


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Work Package 1

InventoriesAnd GIS

Lead: BGS

Work Package 1

InventoriesAnd GIS

Lead: BGS

WP 1.1

CO2 EmissionInventory

Point sourcesPipelines

InfrastructureLicense areas

Lead:BGS

WP 1.1

CO2 EmissionInventory

Point sourcesPipelines

InfrastructureLicense areas

Lead:BGS

WP 1.2

Project GIS

Data formatSpecificationBuilding GIS

Web GIS

Lead:BGS, GEUS

WP 1.2

Project GIS

Data formatSpecificationBuilding GIS

Web GIS

Lead:BGS, GEUS

WP 1.3

Maps ofemissions andstorage sites

Lead:GEUS, BGS

WP 1.3

Maps ofemissions andstorage sites

Lead:GEUS, BGS

Work Package 2

Storage Capacity

Lead: GEUS

Work Package 2

Storage Capacity

Lead: GEUS

WP 2.1

North East

Group

EstoniaLatvia

LithuaniaPolandCzech RSlovakia

Lead:SGUDS

WP 2.1

North East

Group

EstoniaLatvia

LithuaniaPolandCzech RSlovakia

Lead:SGUDS

Work Package 3

Economic usesof CO2

Lead: IFP

Work Package 3

Economic usesof CO2

Lead: IFP

WP 2.2

Central EastGroup

RomaniaBulgariaHungary(Albania)(FYROM)

Lead:ELGI

WP 2.2

Central EastGroup

RomaniaBulgariaHungary(Albania)(FYROM)

Lead:ELGI

WP 2.3

South Group

SpainItaly

SloveniaCroatia

Lead:U.Zagreb

WP 2.3

South Group

SpainItaly

SloveniaCroatia

Lead:U.Zagreb

Regional potential assessmentsRegional potential assessments

Geological information of sitesGeological information of sites

Work Package 4

Standards & SiteSelection Criteria

Lead: GEUS

Work Package 4

Standards & SiteSelection Criteria

Lead: GEUS

Work Package 5

EconomicEvaluations

Lead: TNO

Work Package 5

EconomicEvaluations

Lead: TNO

WP 3.1

Storage capacityin hydrocarbon

fields

Assessment ofEOR potentialCalculation of

storage capacityModelling of EOR

Input to DSSand GIS

Lead:IFP

WP 3.1

Storage capacityin hydrocarbon

fields

Assessment ofEOR potentialCalculation of

storage capacityModelling of EOR

Input to DSSand GIS

Lead:IFP

WP 3.2

Storage capacityin coal beds

Assessment ofECBM potentialCalculation of

storage capacityInput to DSS

and GIS

Lead:PBG

WP 3.2

Storage capacityin coal beds

Assessment ofECBM potentialCalculation of

storage capacityInput to DSS

and GIS

Lead:PBG

Work Package 6

InternationalCooporation

Lead: BRGM

Work Package 6

InternationalCooporation

Lead: BRGM

Work Package 7

Pr. Managementand Reporting

Lead: GEUS

Work Package 7

Pr. Managementand Reporting

Lead: GEUS

WP 4.1

Siteselection

criteria

Basis siteselection criteria

Methodologyfor ranking

Lead:BGS

WP 4.1

Siteselectioncriteria

Basis siteselection criteria

Methodologyfor ranking

Lead:BGS

WP 4.2

Storagecapacity

standards

Methodologyfor calculating

storage capacityApplication ofstandards to

test area

Lead:GEUS

WP 4.2

Storagecapacity

standards

Methodologyfor calculating

storage capacityApplication ofstandards to

test area

Lead:GEUS

WP 2.4

Country updates forGESTCO countries

Lead:BGR

WP 2.4

Country updates forGESTCO countries

Lead:BGR

WP 5.1

DSSdevelopment

Feedback fromDSS usersDetailed

instructionsCollection of

economic dataSystem

development

Lead:TNO

WP 5.1

DSSdevelopment

Feedback fromDSS usersDetailed

instructionsCollection of

economic dataSystem

development

Lead:TNO

WP 5.2

Economicevaluations

Economicevaluations in

the new membercountries

Lead:Ecofys

WP 5.2

Economicevaluations

Economicevaluations in

the new membercountries

Lead:Ecofys

WP 6.1

Initiation oftechnology

transfer in China

Training of Chineseexperts incl. GISCollection of data

and addition to GISDSS, economicsEvaluation anddissemination

Lead:BRGM

WP 6.1

Initiation oftechnology

transfer in China

Training of Chineseexperts incl. GISCollection of data

and addition to GISDSS, economicsEvaluation anddissemination

Lead:BRGM

WP 6.2

Framework forinternationalcoorporation

Communicationwith CSLF

Framework forcooperation withIndia, Russia etc.

Lead:BRGM

WP 6.2

Framework forinternationalcoorporation

Communicationwith CSLF

Framework forcooperation withIndia, Russia etc.

Lead:BRGM

WP 7.1

Overall projectmanagement

Project planningOrganise project

meetingsChair management

boardCreate and inform

advisory boardManagement ofnon-personnel

budget

Lead:GEUS, CGS,

ELGI, SGUDS

WP 7.1

Overall projectmanagement

Project planningOrganise project

meetingsChair management

boardCreate and inform

advisory boardManagement ofnon-personnel

budget

Lead:GEUS, CGS,

ELGI, SGUDS

WP 7.2

Reporting to EU

Reporting to EUWebsite

Reporting to CSLFInterim andfinal report

Final report CDContribute to

conference papers

Lead:GEUS, CGS,

OGS, U.Sofia

WP 7.2

Reporting to EU

Reporting to EUWebsite

Reporting to CSLFInterim andfinal report

Final report CDContribute to

conference papers

Lead:GEUS, CGS,

OGS, U.Sofia

Calculations of storage capacityCalculations of storage capacity

Input and formatting of dataInput and formatting of data

Work package structureWork package structure


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Mapping of emission sources

and infrastructure

Stationary sources exceeding 100 kt CO2

/ yearData sources:

–annual reports for the EU ETS

–national allocation plans

–qualified estimations where data not available

Existing pipelines


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Pipelines


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Mapping of storage sites

Initial screening

for

sedimentary formations

3

main types of storage considered– aquifers– hydrocarbon fields– unmineable

coal seams

Application of site selection criteria

Storage capacity estimations

Collection of

data for GIS

and project

DSS


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Basic site

selection criteria

• Sufficient depth and storage capacity• supercritical CO2 below 700-800 m (rule of thumb)


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Variation in density with depth assuming hydrostatic pressure, geothermal gradient of 25°C/km and surface temperature of 15°C

Great change in density / volume at ~ 800 m


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Basic site

selection criteria

• Sufficient depth and storage capacity• supercritical CO2 below 700-800 m (rule of thumb)• porosity may deteriorate below 2500-3000 m


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One of the regional Danish reservoir sandstones

Decreasing porosity with depth

Decreasing permeability with decreasing porosity

In practise this means a depth window of 800-2500 m


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Basic site

selection criteria

• Sufficient depth and storage capacity• supercritical CO2 below 700-800 m (rule of thumb)• porosity may deteriorate below 2500-3000 m• trap type / areal extent / thickness


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Stratigraphical trapping; porous layer

bounded by tight seal

Structural trapping; porous layer topped by tight seal

Structural trapping; porous layer in fault contact with seal


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Basic site

selection criteria

• Sufficient depth and storage capacity• supercritical CO2 below 700-800 m (rule of thumb)• porosity may deteriorate below 2500-3000 m• trap type / areal extent / thickness• storage capacity


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Reservoir rock

A

h

Areal distribution and thickness of reservoir

Pore space in the reservoir


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Basic site

selection criteria

• Sufficient depth and storage capacity• supercritical CO2 below 700-800 m (rule of thumb)• porosity may deteriorate below 2500-3000 m• trap type / areal extent / thickness• storage capacity

• Sufficient injectivity to be economically viable• permeability (as a rule of thumb > 200 mD)• reservoir lithology• heterogeneity of reservoir

• Integrity of seal• seal lithology and permeability• seal capillary pressure and pore entry pressure• faulting / tectonic activity / fracture pressure


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Aquifers


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Hydrocarbon fields


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Coal measures


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Capacity calculations

Methodological resources:

• CSLF

Task Force

on CO2

Storage Capacity Estimation

• Modeling

work

by TNO

• US DOE

methodology

by

the Geologic Working Group of the

US

Regional Carbon Sequestration

Partnership

Program

Uncertainties

for

aquifers

!


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Distinguish between estimates for bulk volume of regional aquifers and estimatesfor individual structural or stratigraphic traps

For estimates based on the bulk volume of regional aquifers we suggest a storageefficiency factor of 2 % based on work by US DOE

For trap estimates the choice of storage efficiency factor depends on whether theaquifer system is open, semi-closed or closed

For traps in open or semi-closed aquifer systems we suggest a rule-of-thumb approach with values for the storage efficiency factor in the range between 3 % and 40 % for semi-closed low quality and open high quality reservoirs, respectively

For traps in closed aquifer systems we suggest an approach based on trap to aquifer volume ratio, pore and water compressibility and allowable average pressure increase with typical values for the storage efficiency factor in the range between 1 % and 20 %

Storage capacity estimates should always be accompanied with information onassumptions and approach for storage efficiency factor

General considerations for saline aquifers


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Conceptual model for open aquifers

• Storage space is generated by displacing existing fluids and distributingpressure increase in surrounding aquifer system

• Storage volume = A · height · N/G · φ

· Seff

• Seff depends on connectivity to surrounding aquifer

• Seff = Used space/Available space• From

Filip Neele, TNO

Brine

Free CO2

Used SpaceAvailable Space


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Storage efficiency factor for open and semi-closed aquifers


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• Affected space is full! (rock and water for aquifers)

• More space only via pressure increase and compressibility

• Storage volume = A · height · N/G · φ

· (Cw + Cp ) · Δpavg

• Δpavg = allowed average pressure increase in affected area• From

Filip Neele, TNO

BrineAffected Space

Unaffected Space

Free CO2

Used SpaceAvailable Space

Conceptual model for open aquifers


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Top: Practical

capacity with economic and regulatory

barriers applied to effective capacity and with matching of sources and sinks: Case studies

Middle:Effective

capacity with

technical/geological cut-off limits applied to theoretical capacity: site specific/regional estimates in GIS

Bottom: Theoretical

capacity including

large uneconomic/unrealisticvolumes: regional estimateswithout storage efficiency

Techno-Economic Resource-Reserve pyramid


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Preliminary

pan-European storage capacity estimate

Effective capacityCons ervative

es timate Effective capacityCons ervative

es timate Effective capacityCons ervative

es timate

2 350 100 30 25 1.5 1.0

S torage capac ity (Gt CO2)Emis s ions from big s tationary

s o urces (Gt CO2)

Aquifers Hydrocarbon fie lds Coal meas ures


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North West Europe


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North EastEurope


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Central EastEurope


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South EastEurope


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South WestEurope


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Case studies

Geological part

• selected structures with potential for pilot / demonstration projects

Economic part

• utilisation of Decision Support System (DSS)


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international cooperation for matching sources and sinks WP6

WP 6.1Initiation of technology

transfer to China

Focusing on one province with large CO2 point

sources and investigate the storage potential

地质埋存潜力

WP 6.2Framework for international cooperation

Establish communication links between GeoCapacity and CSLF countries to

initiate the technology transfer


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Main project achievements:

• CCS inventory of Europe incl. GIS (base for future CO2 storage atlas of Europe ?)

• Contribution to guidelines for assessment of geological storage capacity, site selection criteria and methodology for ranking

• Pioneering CCS work in many countries


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Project website:

http://www.geocapacity.eu


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US DOE estimation of storage efficiency factor

P15 : Seff. = 1 %

P50 : Seff. = 2 %

P85 : Seff. = 4 %


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• Storage efficiency-As function of Vaquifer / Vtrap (between 1 and 100)-As function of depth-In table: percentage of trap pore space filled with CO2

• Pressure increase 10%• Compressibility

-Pore: typical value 6·10-5 bar-1

-Water: 4·10-5 bar-1

-Total: pore + water = 10·10-5 bar-1

Depth (m) 1 5 10 50 100

1000 0.10 0.5 1.0 5 10

1500 0.15 0.8 1.5 8 15

2000 0.20 1.0 2.0 10 20

2500 0.25 1.3 2.5 13 25

3000 0.30 1.5 3.0 15 30

3500 0.36 1.8 3.6 18 36

Small capacityof enclosed traps!

Higher capacities only when large aquifer volume can be used to accommodate pressure increase.NOTE:

numbers refer totrap, but depend on entireaquifer volume!

Vaquifer

/ Vtrap

Key parameter,site specific

• From

Filip Neele, TNO

Seff

= VCO2

/ (φ

· Vtrap

)

VCO2

= c · ∆p · φ

· VaquiferSeff

= (c · ∆p · φ

· Vaquifer) / (φ

· Vtrap

) = c · ∆p (Vaquifer

/ Vtrap

)

Storage efficiency factor for closed aquifers

The EU GeoCapacity Project - geology.cz ZEP-GG-2009-03-09 … · The EU GeoCapacity Project....

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