The Essentials of Pests and IPM: What You Need to … › documents ›...

Michael SwoyerStopPests in Housing

HUD-USDA Interagency Agreement | USDA NIFA Special 2012-04039

"The Essentials of Pests and IPM: What You Need to Know"

What is a Pest?

• Ants• Fleas• Bats• Birds• Raccoons• Cats• Weeds

1/2014PA IPM Program 2

A pest is a living thing in a place where we don’t want it!

Pests may include: mammals, insects, rodents, bacteria, and plants. Pests spread diseases to people, animals and plants, destroy property, and are a nuisance.

• Cockroaches• Mice• Head Lice• Bed bugs• Spiders• Wasps• Deer

Problems Caused by Pests


• People don’t like them in their spaces

• Damage Property• Health Problems

Rodent-gnawed wire – a cause of fires

Damage by clothes mothMouse crushed in printer

Health Problems Caused by Pests• Bites• Spread Bacterial &

Viral Diseases • Contaminate Food• Trigger Asthma


Lyme Disease “Bullseye”

“Waterbug,”American Cockroach

Bed BugGerman Cockroaches

• Pests have been shown to cause and trigger asthma

• #1 cause of Asthma? Dust mites-a pest that cannot be controlled by any pesticide

• African American children are diagnosed, hospitalized, and die from asthma 2 x more often white children

• Latino children are diagnosed, hospitalized, and die from asthma 3 xmore often white children


Problems Caused by Pests

What is a Pesticide?

A chemical that is designed to kill a pest

• Insecticide – kills insects• Rodenticide – kills rodents• Fungicide – kills fungi• Herbicide – kills plants


Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)

German Cockroaches

Problems with Pesticides

• Pesticides are made to harm living things

• People often do not understand how to use them safely or appropriately

• Exposures to pesticides can have short- and/or long-term negative health effects

• Routine use indoors leads to residues on surfaces and in the air


Home destroyed by Fogger explosion:“Live cockroaches were observed crawling through the debris…”

San Diego, 1992

PA IPM Program 8

• Children are not little adults• Eat/drink/breathe more, pound per pound than adults

• “Live Low” and put everything in their mouths!

• Have a lifetime of exposures to chemicals (starting from before birth)

Pesticides are More Risky for Children

1/2014

How are Children Exposed?


By what goes into their mouths (oral)

By what they touch (dermal)

By what they breathe (respiratory)

Even before they are born (pre-natal)

Windows of Susceptibility

RED/dark is highly sensitive period, YELLOW/light for less sensitive period. From: Selevan,et al, Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 108, Supplement 3, June 2000

10

Proper Storage?


OR

At child’s level, under the sink, or in an unlocked cabinet?

What is IPM?


Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to controlling pests in safer, more effective, and longer-lasting ways. When you use IPM, you

1. Understand a pest's identity and habits 2. Use non-toxic, preventative measures first3. Use several different tactics for better results4. If needed, choose least-risky chemicals

In other words: “Doing the mostest with the leastest that’s the safest and the cheapest”Integrated-The variety of methods including sanitation, repair, exclusion, removal of food, pesticides, etc.Pest-Anything living that exists where you don’t want it to beManagement-Covers a lot of things like: “What’s a tolerable level of pests?” “What is this pest?” “How much do I want to spend to get rid of it?” etc. But what it really boils down to is this: “What are the

smartest actions can I take that will help me control this pest?”

Why use IPM?

• It works– The Boston Housing Authority noted a 75%

reduction in pest calls after starting an IPM program

• It is sustainable– Pests can develop resistance, become bait shy or

even change behaviors if only one method is used

• It doesn’t poison the environment or you

Anything is possible with a little cooperation…

IPM is a team activity!

15

Courtesy of Marc Lame

Principles of IPM

• Set Action ThresholdsSeeing a single pest isn’t always a problem

• Monitor and Identify PestsNot all insects are harmful Control measures can be very different for similar species

• PreventionAs a 1st line of defense the structure should be made as pest-unfriendly as possibleSealing up cracks and crevices where pests can hide and reproduceEstablishing a “no-pest strip” around the structure (an open barrier where the pest must cross in order to gain entry)Sanitation and opening up areas for easy cleaning and monitoring

• ControlIf, after all this, pest control is still required, the method utilizing the least risk is usedWork from the specific to, at last resort, the general

Comparison of Traditional Pest Control vs. IPM

Single Solution Extermination Non-target overflows

(damage to environment)

Chemical Usage Exclusively

General

Integrated

Management

Specifically targeted to a pest with minimum overflows

Non chemical 1st

Specific

“Carrying Capacity” is the amount of pests supported by the available food, water and

shelter in an environment

Population

Time

Moving the carrying capacity from here to here means less pests will be able to live in your home

Why do People accept the presence of Pests?

• Cultural• Generational• Unaware of a better way• Different priorities• Unaware of detriment to health• Others?

How do we do Integrated Pest Management?

Prevent!• Keep Pests Out• Remove Pests Food & Water• Remove Pests ShelterKeep Watch!• Monitor for PestsEliminate!• Treat Existing Pest Problems


Routine Monthly Spraying is NOT Part of IPM

Water

Food

Conducive Conditions

for Pests

Nest

Choose Safe Pest Control

• Red: Sprays, Foggers & Aerosols that kill insects on contact; Rodent sprays

• Yellow: Natural predators, tamper-proof baits, gels, boric acid

• Green: Cleaning/sanitizing, vacuuming, sweeping, reducing clutter, building maintenance, barriers, traps

• Enclosed baits • Gels • Pellets & granules for insects Hazardous to children –

may mistake for food item

YELLOW formulations:

22

1. Keep Pests Out


Doors & Windows

Deliveries

Check screens for holes and repair .

Fill all holes, cracks and crevices.

Cracks and Holes

An open door is an invitation…to a pest problem.

Check for gaps at the bottom of doors and install door sweeps.

Many pests are hitchhikers.

2. Remove Pests’ Food & Water

1/2014PA IPM Program 24Picture: University of Florida/IFAS

Problems…

Yuck!

Solutions…

3. Remove Pest HarborageClutter


Clutter provides lots of hiding spots AND

covers up evidence of a growing problem.

Before After

4. Monitor for Pests


Report sighting in the pest sighting logDon’t move monitor traps

Roaches and poop.

Sticky-trap Monitor

5. Eliminate Existing Pests

• Take appropriate action for pest problems•For each pest there are a number of actions that can be taken. •Action should be the most effective and the least-risky to children.•The next slide shows how to combine these actions using the “IPM Pyramid of Tactics”


IPM Pyramid of Tactics for Roaches



Pesticide Risk: The ChemicalsUSE NOTTraps and Baits Sprays and Foggers

Less RiskyMore Risky

For mice: Snap traps and Multiple-catch traps

For roaches: Bait stations and Gels; Boric acid

Aviso

Veneno del Peligro

Highly hazardous

DANGER POISON

DANGERPeligro

WARNING

CAUTIONPrecaución

Severe Eye or SkinDamage

Slightly hazardous

Moderately hazardous

Understanding ‘Signal Words’

30

Source: PSU Pesticide Education Program

Illegal and Unmarked Pesticides


o Pesticides that look like candyo Chinese Insecticide chalk o “Tres Pasitos”o Tempo

Mothballs Chinese chalk Tres Pasitos

Dangers with Pesticides – Children’s HealthAcute Exposure -

Poisoning:• Asthma Attacks• Flu-like Symptoms• Vomiting• Dizziness• Unconsciousness


Long-Term Exposure to Pesticides

Chronic Exposure:• Asthma• Cancer• Neurological damage• Immune system

damage• Permanent chemical

sensitivity• Endocrine disruption


Cancer

Develop-mental

Others?

Behavioral

Allergies Brain Damage

Infertility

Asthma

Birth Defects

IPM for Key Pests

Let’s try to use an IPM approach on some common pests:•Ants•Cockroaches•Mice & RatsWe’re also going to discuss Bed bugs

341/2014PA IPM Program

#1 = Know your Pest!

• What do they want?• Where do they live?• What is their life cycle?• How did they get in?• How can I prevent

them?• What if I need to use a

chemical:– Most effective?– Most safe?– Label directions?

Phot

o; E

A K

asam

eyer


Ants!

• What do they want?• Where do they live?• What is their life cycle?

• How did they get in?

• How can I prevent them?

- Food usually (or water)- Nest in the ground outside- Queen makes “workers” who

look for food for the colony and make trails!

- Come in through holes in wall, cracks under windows

Clean up, seal food Seal holes with caulkWipe up their trails with soap

and water1/2014PA IPM Program 36

Ants!• What if I need to use

a chemical –– most effective?– most safe?– label directions?

BEST Enclosed baits Ants will carry back to nest

and kill colony Follow all label directionsMORE RISKY/Less effective x Sprays

- Does not solve problem- Risk of exposure by

touching, breathing, drinkingBEST!!


Cockroaches!




- Food and warmth- Like to live with you!- Egg cases, nymphs and adults

- Move in through cracks and crevices, then stay

Proper food and trash storage Seal cracks and crevices1/2014PA IPM Program 38

Signs of Cockroaches

• “Nests” can be identified by the presence of frass near cracks and crevices

• Place glue trap monitors near suspected infestation areas

Cockroaches!• What if I need to use a

chemical –– most effective?– most safe?– label directions?

BEST Enclosed baits, Gels, Boric acid Sticky traps to monitor Follow all label directions

MORE RISKY/Less effectivex Sprays, foggers and “bombs”

- Does not solve problem- Risk of exposure by

touching, breathing, drinking


Mice!




- Food, nesting material

- In your house, if possible!- Live 1-2 yr and can have 5-8

young every 3 wks!

- Come in through openings into building

Store food & trash properly Seal outside routes of entry,

install door sweeps1/2014 41

Mice

• Need a hole the size of a dime to enter

• Leave rice-sized droppings• Are curious and will respond to traps

immediately after putting them out• Do not grow up to be rats

Inches

Rats




• Food, water• Mostly outdoors• Live 1-3 years, producing up to 5

litters a year

• Any hole bigger than their head

• Remove sources of food, water & shelter, seal openings to the outside

Rats

• Need a hole the size of a quarter to enter

• Leave jellybean sized droppings• Are very smart, cautious, and afraid of new

things• Unlike mice, do require water to drink

Inches

Mice and Rats!• What if I need to use a

chemical –– most effective?– most safe?– label directions?

BEST = Non-chemical Snap traps

- Kill instantly- Set snap side against walls,

away from children

X Not recommended indoorsx Rodent poisons

– Mice and rats die behind walls, stink and attract flies

– Dangerous to children, dogs


Points to Remember

Prevention and monitoring are essential steps to eliminating pest problems!If you do use a pesticide:

– READ THE LABEL FIRST– The label is the LAW– Only a licensed pest control

operator can apply a pesticide in a facility or a home-based childcare center

461/2014PA IPM Program

47

Bed Bugs

48

Also known as…chintzes or chinchesmahogany flatsred coatscrimson ramblerswall licethe bug that nobody knows

Outline

• What they are• What they eat • Where they live• How to think like a

bed bug• Prevention and control

49Adult bed bug feeding on a human

What is a bed bug?

• A blood-sucking insect• Flat• Range in size from a

sesame seed to a apple seed

• Light brown to mahogany red depending when they last fed

Why they're back

• Change in pesticide availability• Change in pesticide use patterns• More travel/ mobility of people• More infested locations• Pesticide resistance• Lack of preparedness of society in general

50

51

Bed bugs are health hazards

Bed bugs do not transmit disease, but they are a pest of significant public health importance

• Cause secondary infections after people scratch their bed bug bites

• Result in stress, loss of work, loss of productivity, loss of sleep, and financial burden

• Are unwelcome in our homes and workplaces

52

Bed bug life cycle

Fed Unfed

53

Bed bug crawling into a screw hole to hide

Bed bug behavior

• Most active at night• Hide in cracks and

crevices, often in groups

• Cannot fly, jump, or burrow into skin…they crawl

• Hitchhike on coats, bags, furniture, wheelchairs…

Spider Beetle 54

Mosquito Bites

Can be confused with…

• Ticks• Cockroach nymphs• Other kinds of bug bites• Allergic reactions to chemicals

Tick

Bat BugCockroach Nymph

55

Signs of bed bugs

• Bites• Fecal spots• Shed skins• Dead bed bugs• Live bed bugs

56

Where bed bugs live

• In the building• In any crack or crevice where a credit card edge

could fit• In anything near where people rest

Mattress piping Switch plates

57

What’s on the other side of the wall?

How do bed bugs spread?

• Actively crawl along wires, pipes, and under doors• Passively on anything coming from an infested unit

(furniture, backpacks, laundry…)

Areas at-risk for introduction and infestation

• Introduction is likely where people – frequently travel– set down personal belongings– sit or lay down for long periods of time

• Infestation is likely where bed bugs can– Crawl (upholstered furniture or bedding)– Feed on a person for 5 minutes without being

detected– Hide in cracks or folds

58

Monitoring

• Trap and kill bed bugs• Determine how bad the infestation is• Two types

– Passive– Active

59

Passive, moat-style interceptor

Prevent introduction and spread: residents

• Keep coats, backpacks, purses, and bags off beds, recliners, and sofas at home and while out

• Inspect used furniture carefully before bringing it home—avoid it if possible

• Look for signs when sleeping away from home

60

Advice for staff, health aides, and contractors

• In units: – Avoid sitting or placing items on potentially

infested surfaces – Keep personal items in sealed containers– Wear a protective layer when moving infested

items

• When transporting patients:– Consider dressing patient in a Tyvek suit– Line car seats with plastic (bags) and vacuum

thoroughly afterwards 61


• In units: – Observe tell-tale signs of pest problems

• Over the counter pesticides• Signs of pests

• In the main office/community areas:– Replace fabric-covered furniture that has many

crevices with plastic or metal items– Have residents set their belongings in plastic

totes during meetings62


• Be prepared to Educate:– One on one– Peer to peer– Group meetings

• Materials are available at:– www.stoppests.org– http://healthyhousingsolutions.com/training-

course/integrated-pest-management-in-multifamily-housing/

– http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD 63

http://www.stoppests.org/

http://healthyhousingsolutions.com/training-course/integrated-pest-management-in-multifamily-housing/

http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD

64

A review of what you should do

• Educate everyone about what they can do to prevent bed bugs

• Prepare before bed bugs are reported by minimizing clutter and installing encasements and monitors

• Respond rapidly with a professional before the infestation grows and spreads

65

Questions?

Michael SwoyerStopPests in Housing

HUD-USDA Interagency Agreement | USDA NIFA Special 2012-04039

Promoting Integrated Pest Management in Affordable

Housing

Making Homes Healthy

• IPM is part of a nationwide Healthy Homes movement to reduce housing-based health hazards

• A healthy home is:– Dry– Clean– Ventilated– Safe– Contaminant-free– Maintained– Pest-free

Cockroach infestation in a smoke detector

We offer FREE IPM training and consultation

• We work with conventional public housing and Project-Based Section 8 sites across the U.S.

• Trainers consult with housing sites and deliver a one-day training course

• See our curriculum and resources at www.stoppests.org

http://www.stoppests.org

What is IPM? Pest problem solving

1. Inspect2. Identify3. Establish thresholds4. Take control measures5. Evaluate effectiveness

Sticky traps used to monitor for cockroaches and interceptors used to monitor for bed bugs are an essential

part of an IPM program and make inspection easier

Priority pests

• Cockroaches cause asthma in infants, trigger asthma attacks, and contaminate food

• Rodents such as mice and rats carry diseases, bite, destroy property, may cause fires, and may trigger asthma attacks

• Bed Bugs and their bites are a nuisance and are expensive to eliminate

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Training agenda

Morning• Overview and Introductions• Cockroaches• IPM and Pesticide Use• Indoor Demonstrations• Working Lunch• Video

AfternoonRoles and Responsibilities PanelRodentsOutdoor DemonstrationsBed BugsIPM Exam and Course Evaluation

The IPM team

Janitorial/Custodial Services

Property ManagerIn charge of the IPM team

Resident Support Services

Maintenance Crew

ResidentLandscaping

Services

Pest Management Professional (PMP)

IPM in public housing background

Information based on• National Center for Healthy Housing (NCHH) training

materials• Researchers/ trainers• The National Pest Management Association (NPMA)• PIH 2011-22: Promotion of Integrated Pest

Management (IPM)

Contact StopPests in Housing to find out more

• Visit www.StopPests.org and click on “Request Training”

• E-mail [email protected]• Call (607) 254-8990

http://www.StopPests.org

mailto:[email protected]

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