The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… ·...

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1 Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt Charles- Augustin de Coulomb Carl Friedrich Gauss Michael Faraday André-Marie Ampère James Clerk Maxwell Heinrich Hertz Maxwell’s Equations Courtesy of Andrew Aquila (AS&T, UC Berkeley) The Equations of Light

Transcript of The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… ·...

Page 1: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

1Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Charles-Augustin de

Coulomb

CarlFriedrichGauss

MichaelFaraday

André-MarieAmpère James Clerk

Maxwell

Heinrich Hertz

Maxwell’s Equations

Courtesy of Andrew Aquila (AS&T, UC Berkeley)

The Equations of Light

Page 2: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

2Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

The time derivative of the current density,∂J/∂t, drives electromagnetic waves~

Page 3: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

3Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

The wave equation in vacuum, with a density n ofbound electrons of resonant frequency ωs

Page 4: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

4Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Special cases: Propagation in vacuum, no electrons

Page 5: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

5Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Special cases: Propagation with many electrons,but all free

Page 6: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

6Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Special case: Propagation in a material of naatoms/unit volume, each with many bound electrons

Page 7: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

7Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Special case: Propagation in a materialwith ω2 >> ωs

2, for x-rays and EUV

Page 8: The Equations of Light - University of California, Berkeleyattwood/sxr2009//lecnotes/03_Ma… · Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

8Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt

Quantum mechanical model of refractive index