The Enlightenment:Religion in the Enlightenment

Most people still Christians Wanted a deeper personal devotion to God

Methodism – John Wesley Mystical experience that which led him to

become a missionary Powerful sermons, converted many people Stressed hard work and good behavior Became a separate Protestant group

The Impact of the Enlightenment:The Arts Architecture and Art

Grand palaces being built Rococo – new artistic style of the 1730s

Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action

Music Bach and Handel – baroque musical style Haydn and Mozart – classical musicians

Literature Important in the development of the European novel

The Impact of the Enlightenment:Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism

People needed to be ruled by enlightened rulers Allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and of

the press, and the rights of private property Nurture the arts, sciences, and education Obey the laws and enforce them fairly

New type of monarchy emerged Enlightened absolutism

Govern by Enlightenment principles, maintained their royal powers

Were rulers enlightened?

Prussia: Army and Bureaucracy Prussia was a major European power Willing to make Enlightened reforms, yet still kept

Prussia’s serfdom and social structure The Austrian Empire

Empress Maria Theresa-not open to Philosophes’ calls for reform

Yet still worked to help serfs Joseph II – “I have made Philosophy the lawmaker

of my empire.” Alienated nobles

Russia under Catherine the Great Invited Diderot to Russia – he outlined a program

of reform Catherine still skeptical