The Enlightenment 17-18 th century movement that challenged traditional authority. The colonists as...
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The Enlightenment• 17-18th century
movement that challenged traditional authority.
• The colonists as well as many others challenged the divine right of kings, aristocracy, and religious authority
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John Locke• Enlightenment
Philosopher who believed in natural rights (Life, Liberty, and property).
• His ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence.
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Baron de Montesquieu• Enlightenment
Philosopher who believed in separation of powers
• Three Branches in our government so that no individual or group would have too much power.
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First Great Awakening
• Religious Revival that spread throughout the colonies
• George Whitefield and Jon Edwards
• Question authority of the church and the government.
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William Penn
• Set up Pennsylvania for Quakers
• Had some religious tolerance
• Many were against slavery (Baptists as well)
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Baptists• Expanded after 1st
Great Awakening• Anti-slavery
(along with Quakers)
• Large African American community.
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Maryland/Catholics, and discrimination
• Maryland founded as a safe haven for Catholics
• Latin American immigrants have substantially raised the population of Catholics.
• Suffered discrimination along with Jews and Mormons.
• The group that had the least persecution was protestants
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Religious Freedom• Thomas Jefferson
• Thomas Jefferson’s1786 Virginia Statute for religious freedom formalizes the separation of Church and State
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Articles of Confederation• Our first government
in 1781• Weak• No power to tax• Needed unanimous
consent to change constitution
• Did not regulate interstate trade
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Bill of Rights• 1st Ten
Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
• Added to protect personal liberties and freedoms.
• Some were afraid that a strong central gov. would be too much like a king or dictator. The_Bill_of_Rights.asf
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1st Amendment/Establishment Clause
• The establishment clause in the 1st amendment prohibits (stops) the government from establishing a state religion.
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The Great Compromise• Virginia plan• Representation for
states based on population
• New Jersey Plan• Representation
based on each state being equal
• These two plans created a two House legislature (congress) composed of the Senate and House of Representatives
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3/5th Compromise
• 5 slaves would count as 3 citizens in regards to representation.
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John Marshall and Marbury vs. Madison
• John Marshall the supreme Court Chief Justice (1803) who solidified the power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of state and federal laws.
• He increased the power of the court.
Chief_Justice_John_Marshall.asf
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Marbury vs. Madison• This Case
(1803) established the principle of Judicial Review.
• The Supreme court can rule on the constitutionality of a law
The_Principle_of_Judicial_Review.asf
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The First political parties differed on interpretation of the constitution• Federalists• Loose
interpretation of the constitution
• Government run by elite
• Hamilton
Democratic-Republicans
• Strict interpretation• Protect common
man• Jefferson
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Checks and Balances
• 3 branches/ no one has too much power
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Causes of Revolutionary War
• “No taxation without Representation” (Sugar act, Intolerable acts etc…)
• Proclamation line of 1763 limits colonial migration west.
• King seen as Tyrant (Common Sense- Thomas Paine).
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Loyalists vs. Patriot• Loyalists
supported the English
• Patriots supported the revolution
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Treaty of Paris 1789
• Gives U.S. independence from England
• Thank you France for the assist!!!
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Theory of Nullification• Because states
had created a federal union they had the right to nullify a federal law.
• Referred to as “States rights”
• Slavery issue• Who should have
more Power? • Think about our
first constitution
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Monroe Doctrine• 1823 European
countries stay out of the Americas or else!
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Federalism• Powers are
shared between the federal government and the states (taxes)
• Federal government is supreme!!
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Second Great Awakening
• Temperance (no alcohol
• Seneca Falls movement calls for women's rights
• Education/abolition…
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Causes of the Civil War
• States Rights vs. federal Government
• Bleeding Kansas• Dred Scott Case• The_Dred_Scott_Decision.asf
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Lincoln elected• Slavery and the
Southern Economy
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Effects of Civil War• No Slavery• Reconstruction
Amendments• Poll taxes, literacy
tests, grandfather clauses
• Divided Country• Southern Economy
devastated• Most casualties in
our History• Disenfranchisement
of African Americans
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