Detail of Squanto teaching Pilgrims how to grow corn.

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The English Establish 13 Colonies, 15851732The English colonies developed in North America, and colonists learned from and conflicted with Native Americans.

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SECTION 2

SECTION 3

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

New England Colonies

Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies

The English Establish 13 Colonies, 15851732

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Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survivedpartly through individual effort and hard work.

Section 1

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

The English Plan Colonies

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After defeat of Spanish Armada, England focuses on colonizing Americas

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English geographer Richard Hakluyt urges England to start a colony - colonies would provide market for English

exports - colonies would serve as source of raw

materials - colonies would establish Protestant faith in

Americas

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

Continued . . .

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English colonists go to Americas to:- seek economic opportunity - escape religious persecution

The English Plan Colonies

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Sir Walter Raleigh begins colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (1585)

Sagadahoc colony begins (1607); face hardships, return to England

2nd Roanoke colony begins (1587); colonists disappear; reason unknown

Native Americans stop colonists food supply; survivors return to England

Two Early Colonies Fail

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Sir Walter Raleigh is only person who finances colony at Roanoke

Company is backed by investors

To raise money for colonies, turn to the joint-stock company

When colony fails, he loses his investment

Investors split profits, divide losses

Each investor receives pieces of company ownership

Financing a Colony

Continued . . .

continued Financing a Colony

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Organize Virginia Company of London, Virginia Company of Plymouth

Given chartergovernment contract; holder has right to establish colony

Jamestown Is Founded in 1607

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Virginia Company of London finances expedition to Chesapeake Bay

Settlers incorrectly told they would find gold, waste time searching

Settlers face disease, harsh weather Expedition starts Jamestown settlement

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Why did the Virginia Company of Londonestablish the colony?

The Virginia Company was in search of economic opportunity. They expected to

profit from mineral wealth such as gold and iron ore, timber and wood products and

other natural resources. They also hoped to find a Northwest Passage or sailing route to the Orient for trade.

Jamestown Grows

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By January 1608, only 38 colonists remain alive

More settlers arrive (1610); governor Lord De La Warr imposes discipline

800 more settlers arrive (1609), face hardships, only 60 survive

John Smith establishes colonial discipline, trade with Powhatan tribe

Colonists become employees of Virginia Company, want share of profits

Colonists learn to grow tobacco; product becomes popular in England

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Virginia Company lets settlers own land

Colonists annoyed with strict rule of governor, want more local control

Indentured servants arrive:- they sell their labor to person who pays their

passage - after a few years, they are free to farm or

take up a trade

Population of Virginia jumps from about 600 (1619) to over 2,000 (1621)

Set up House of Burgessesfirst representative assembly in American colonies

continued Jamestown Grows

Conflicts with the Powhatan

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As more settlers take land, relations with Powhatan tribe grow worse

Expanding plantations cause Powhatan to kill many settlers (1622)

Uneasy peace; colonists learn to grow corn, catch fish from Powhatan

To improve relations, John Rolfe marries chiefs daughter, Pocahontas

Bacons Rebellion in 1676

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By 1670s, one-fourth of white men in English colonies are indentured servants

Demands Berkeley to approve war against Native Americans to seize land

Nathaniel Bacon accuses Governor William Berkeley of favoring wealthy

They resent wealthy landowners

Berkeleys refusal sparks Bacons Rebellion(1676)

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Bacon, followers take control of House of Burgesses; burn Jamestown

House of Burgesses pass laws: - prevent governor from taking so much

power

Bacon dies; Berkeley hangs Bacons followers

continued Bacons Rebellion in 1676

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Religion influenced the settlement and government of the New England colonies.

Section 2

New England Colonies

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Mayflower CompactIN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten,

the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering andPreservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and

Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty fourth, Anno Domini; 1620.

The Voyage of the Mayflower

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PilgrimsSeparatist religious group; separate from Church of England

To establish order they sign the Mayflower Compact:- vow to obey laws agreed upon for the good

of the colony - establishes idea of self-government, majority

rule

Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)

To escape persecution, they sail to Americas

New England Colonies

The Pilgrims Found Plymouth

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Pilgrims endure hardships; half of group dies by spring

Squanto shows Pilgrims how to plant, hunt, fish

Squanto sets up peace treaty between Pilgrims and Native Americans

Make friends with Squanto, a Pawtuxet

Pilgrims, Native Americans celebrate harvestfirst Thanksgiving

Pilgrims trade with Native Americans, send lumber to England for profit

The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay

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Puritansreligious group, wants to reform Church of England

1,000 Puritans arrive at Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

This movement of Puritans is known as the Great Migration

To escape persecution, many Puritans sail to Americas (16301640)

They are well prepared; do not starve First governor John Winthrop sets up a

commonwealth

The New England Way

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Basic unit of the commonwealth is congregation:- group of people who belong to same church- each congregation sets up own town - each town has a form of self-government

Puritans follow the New England Way:- emphasizes duty, godliness, hard work,

honesty- work ethic helps growth of New England

colonies - requires that all children learn to read

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Puritan congregations set up new colonies

continued The New England Way

Thomas Hooker adopts Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639): - extends voting rights to non-church

members - limits power of governor - expands idea of representative government

Portsmouth is first European settlement in New Hampshire

Challenges to Puritan Leaders

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Massachusetts minister Roger Williamsopposes New England Way

Anne Hutchinson believes person can worship without church, Bible

This colony guarantees religious freedom, separation of church/state

Forced to leave colony, he founds colony of Rhode Island (1636)

Quakers believe person can know God through inner light

Also believe in treating Native Americans fairly, persecuted for this

King Philips War

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Growing tensions over land between colonists, Native Americans

Europeans and Native Americans define land ownership differently: - to Europeans, land can be owned by

individuals - to Native Americans, land belongs to

everyone

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King Philips War (16751676)war between Puritans, Native Americans

Native Americans lose war, are forced to become laborers

continued King Philips War

English settlers expand farther into Native American lands

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By late 1600s, societal changes lead to fear, suspicion in New England

Pretending to be bewitched, girls falsely accuse others of witchcraft

Witch-hunts begin (1692); more than 100 people are arrested, tried

The Salem Witchcraft Trials

20 found guilty and put to death Panic short-lived; experience shows how

society can make scapegoats

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The founding of the Middle and Southern colonies provided settlers with many economic opportunities.

Section 3

Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies

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Middle coloniesNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

3SECTION

Are located between New England and Chesapeake region

Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies

Religious freedom attracts many groups Conditions favorable for shipping, commerce,

farming, livestock

New Netherland Becomes New York

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Dutch settlers found New Netherland (1624)

Many different settlers arrive - 23 Jews (1654)- Africans come as slaves and indentured

servants - Puritans

Each patroon brings 50 settlers; receives land grant, special privileges

Includes Hudson River valley, Long Island, land along Delaware River

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continued New Netherland Becomes New York

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New Netherlands governor Peter Stuyvesantattacks New Sweden

New Netherland surrenders to English (1664)

Wants to add land to New Netherland; New Sweden surrenders (1655)

Becomes proprietary colonyDuke of York is proprietor, or owner

Englands king wants Duke of York to drive Dutch out of New Netherland- Dutch colonies threaten Englands trade- Dutch colonies geographically divide the

English colonies

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

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Duke of York gives part of claim, province of New Jersey, to friends

To repay debts, English king gives large piece of land to Penn (1681)

American landowner William Penn joins religious groupQuakers

Promise settlers religious freedom, land grants, representative assembly

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continued New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

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William Penn uses land to create colony of Pennsylvania for Quakers: - welcomes different religious, ethnic groups- treats Native Americans fairly - becomes wealthy colony

Southern counties of Pennsylvania form own colony of Delaware

The Southern Colonies

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Southern coloniesMaryland, the Carolinas, Georgia

Conditions good for warm-weather crops: tobacco, rice, indigo

West border is Appalachian Mountains; east border is Atlantic Ocean

Maryland and the Carolinas

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Lord Baltimore establishes Maryland for Roman Catholics (1632)

Colony of Carolina (1663) grows rice, indigo; use enslaved African labor

Marylands economy is based on tobacco

Maryland passes Toleration Actpromises freedom of religion

Sell Native Americans into slavery; conflicts between colonists, tribes

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Colonists overthrow Carolinas proprietary rule

Colony divides into North Carolina and South Carolina

Carolina becomes royal colonyrule by king-appointed governor

continued Maryland and the Carolinas

Georgia

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James Oglethorpe founds Georgia as refuge for debtors (1732)

Oglethorpes strict rules upset colonists

English, Germans, Swiss, Scottish settle Georgia; all religions welcome

During English-Spanish war, Spain tries to oust English colonists, but fails

In response, king makes Georgia a royal colony in 1752

Advanced US History Mr. Sarver

Chapter 3 Interactive Quiz/Game

For review purposes only