The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone...
-
Upload
jemimah-franklin -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone...
![Page 1: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Endocrine System
![Page 2: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins
• Identify and locate the primary endocrine glands and list the major hormones produced by each gland
• Describe the mechanisms of steroid and nonsteroid hormone action
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
![Page 3: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins
• Identify and locate the primary endocrine glands and list the major hormones produced by each gland
• Describe the mechanisms of steroid and nonsteroid hormone action
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
![Page 4: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is the system?
1.Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones (chemical messengers)
2.Regulation of growth, metabolism, sexual development
3.Responses to stress and injury4.Internal balance of
body systems (homeostasis)
![Page 5: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BIG IDEAHORMONES are chemical MESSENGERS that act on target cells (or organs)
Endocrine – secretions inside the bodyExocrine – secretions outside the body (sweat)
![Page 6: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TWO MAJOR CLASSES
• Non steroidal
![Page 7: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mechanism of Steroid Hormone ActionMechanism of Steroid Hormone Action
![Page 8: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Major Structures
![Page 9: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REGULATION OF HORMONE
• Hormone secretion is controlled by homeostatic feedback Negative feedback: Mechanisms that reverse
the direction of a change in a physiologic system
Positive feedback: (Uncommon) mechanisms that amplify physiologic changes
![Page 10: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hormone Action
• Steroids - water soluble
• Non steroid hormones
• Prostoglandins - act locally, on nearby organs
![Page 12: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hormone Control
The pituitary is often called the “master gland”
Its actions are controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.
![Page 13: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pituitary Gland
22 = Thalamus24 = Hypothalamus
![Page 14: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Control of Hormones
Negative feedback system
When the hormone levels rise, the organ that secretes the hormone is switched off
![Page 15: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
Major hormonesThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)Luteinizing hormone (LH)Growth hormone (GH)Prolactin hormone (PH
![Page 16: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
• Prolactin or PRL - PRL stimulates milk production from a woman's breasts after childbirth and can affect sex hormone levels from the ovaries in women and the testes in men.
![Page 17: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Growth hormone or GH - GH stimulates growth in childhood and is important for maintaining a healthy body composition. In adults it is also important for maintaining muscle mass and bone mass. It can affect fat distribution in the body.
![Page 18: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Problems with the pituitary gland can result in Dwarfism
![Page 19: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sites
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TKSjaWQWSs
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEWSAOqple0&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_fjrtxih2o
![Page 20: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kn0_zJ4Aiuo
![Page 22: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Or a person can grow too much. These are pictures of the man known as “The Alton Giant”, Robert Wadlow.
![Page 23: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Adrenocorticotropin or ACTH - ACTH stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Cortisol, a so-called "stress hormone," is vital to survival. It helps maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Many diet aids claim that they block cortisol levels. Cortisol from stress may lead to fat deposits in the belly.
![Page 24: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH - TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones, which, in turn, control (regulate) the body's metabolism, energy, growth and development, and nervous system activity.
![Page 25: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Luteinizing hormone or LH - LH regulates testosterone in men and estrogen in women. (gonadotropin)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH - FSH promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulate) in women. LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the ovaries or testes. (gonadotropin)
![Page 26: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
• Oxytocin - Oxytocin causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth.
![Page 28: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones• Antidiuretic hormone or ADH - ADH, also
called vasopressin, is stored in the back part of the pituitary gland and regulates water balance. If this hormone is not secreted properly, this can lead to problems of sodium (salt) and water balance, and could also affect the kidneys so that they do not work as well.
![Page 29: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Diuretics – increase urine productionMany common foods and drinks contain chemicals that are diuretics (alcohol)
Midol relieves symptoms of bloating because it contains a diuretic that will make you urinate more
Active Ingredients: (in each caplet): Acetaminophen (500 mg) (Pain Reliever), Caffeine (60mg) (Diuretic, Stimulant), Pyrilamine Maleate (15 mg) (Diuretic)
Inactive Ingredients: Carnauba Wax, Croscarmellose Sodium, FD&C Blue 2, Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Pregelatinized Starch, Propylene Glycol, Shellac, Titanium Dioxide, Triacetin
![Page 30: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HypothalamusHypothalamus
• Actual production of ADH and oxytocin occurs in the hypothalamus
• After production in the hypothalamus, hormones pass along axons into the pituitary gland
• The secretion and release of posterior pituitary hormones are controlled by nervous stimulation
![Page 31: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THYROID GLAND
The thyroid hormones control your metabolism, which is the body's ability to break down food and store it as energy and release of energy
![Page 33: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Thyroxin (T4) & Tri-iodothyronine (T3) - both increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates
• Calcitonin – regulates the blood concentration of calcium
• BMR – basal metabolic rate : how many calories the body must consume to maintain life
THYROID HORMONES
![Page 34: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Problems with the Thyroid
• Thyroid hormone is partly made of iodine. Iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxin. If a person doesn’t eat enough iodine, they can’t make thyroid hormone.
• so it the size of the follicle grows • gland grows • GOITER.
• Iodine is only found in seafood, so if salt wasn’t iodized, a lot of people wouldn’t get enough iodine, and there would be a lot of goiters.
![Page 35: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Goiter
![Page 36: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
HypothyroidismBefore and After Treatment
![Page 37: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hypothyroidism
![Page 38: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cretinism (hypothyroidism in infants)
![Page 39: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease)
![Page 41: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Parathyroid Glands
Located behind the thyroid, four tiny glands
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood
![Page 42: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Signs of low calcium
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=e4IPBRIsCc0&NR=1
![Page 43: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Adrenal Glands
Located at the top of the kidneys Adrenal Cortex - outer areaAdrenal Medulla - inner area
Adrenal Glands = Adrenaline
![Page 44: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Adrenal Medulla
• Epinephrine & Norepinephrine – increased heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (fight or flight, response to stress)
People with severe life threatening allergies often carry injectors
![Page 45: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Adrenal Cortex
• Aldosterone – a mineralcorticoid, helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure
• Cortisol – glucocortoid, keeps blood glucose levels stable
• Adrenal Sex Hormones - androgens (male) and estrogens (female)
![Page 46: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Female Sex GlandsFemale Sex Glands
• The ovaries contain two structures that secrete hormones The ovarian follicles
Little pockets in which egg cells, or ova, develop
Secrete estrogen, the “feminizing hormone”
The corpus luteum
![Page 47: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Effects of estrogen Development and maturation of breasts
and external genitals Development of adult female body
contours Initiation of menstrual cycle
Female Sex Glands (cont’d)Female Sex Glands (cont’d)
![Page 48: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Male Sex GlandsMale Sex Glands
• The interstitial cells of the testes secrete the male hormone testosterone
• Effects of testosterone Maturation of external genitals Beard growth Voice changes at puberty Development of musculature and body contours
typical of the male
![Page 49: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Adrenal Gland Disorders
• Cushing’s syndromeo hypersecretion of cortisol o Round “moon” face and “buffalo
hump”
![Page 50: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• Addison’s diseaseo Hyposecretion of cortisolo Low blood pressure resultso Increased pigmentation
![Page 51: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Pancreas• The pancreas is a large gland behind your
stomach that helps the body to maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels.Contains islands of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which secrete glucagon and insulin
![Page 52: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Glucagon – stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar concentration
• Insulin – decreases blood sugar concentrations, affects the uptake of glucose by cells
*Both hormones work together to maintain a balance in the blood sugar
![Page 53: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus – results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hypoglycemia) and excess is excreted in the urine.
• Type I - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
![Page 54: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can develop nerve damage throughout the body. Symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness-loss of feeling-in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can result in wounds that are slow to heal.
![Page 55: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• Type II – mature onset diabetes (usually after the age of 40), often individuals are overweight, can be controlled with diet and exercise
Blood sugar test, device pricks the finger and measures the amount of sugar in the blood
![Page 56: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Injection of insulin will lower the blood sugar levels
Hypoglycemia can occur if levels become too low, can be cured with direct injection of glucose or with eating something high in sugar. This is why diabetics often have candy.
![Page 57: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. ADH is a hormone produced in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus.
Symptoms
Excessive thirst
---May be intense or uncontrollable
----May involve a craving for ice water
Excessive urine volume
![Page 58: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Other Endocrine Glands
• Pineal Gland – located between the cerebral hemispheres, secretes melatonin, important for maintaining Circadian rhythms (light and dark activity)
• Thymus Gland – large in young children, gradually shrinks with age, secretes thymosins, important to immune function
![Page 59: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Other Endocrine StructuresOther Endocrine Structures
• Other organs (stomach, intestines, and kidneys) produce endocrine hormones Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Secreted by atrial wall of the heart Stimulates sodium loss from the
kidneys
![Page 60: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Steroids
Anabolic steroids are artificially produced hormones that are the same as, or similar to, androgens, the male-type sex hormones in the body. There are more than 100 variations of anabolic steroids. The most powerful androgen is testosterone.
![Page 61: The Endocrine System. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands and define the terms hormone and prostaglandins Identify and locate the primary.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649ddd5503460f94ad5890/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)