THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Prepared by:Sharina Hadji MananJohara T. Udtog

[Gk. Hormao instigate], are chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that controls the activity of other parts.

Hormones

Three types of HORMONES

Steroid Hormone

Derivatives of the Amino Acid

Tyrosine

Proteins or Peptides

PRINCIPAL ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND

HORMONES IN THE BODY

Endocrine Gland:Hypothalamus

Hormone Released:Hypothalamic -

releasin & release-inhibiting hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:

Anterior pituitaryFunction(s) of Hormones:

Regulate anterior pituitary hormones

Endocrine Gland:Posterior

pituitaryHormone Released:

Antidiuretic (ADH)Target Tissues/Organs:

KidneysFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys

Endocrine Gland:Posterior

pituitaryHormone Released:

OxytocinTarget Tissues/Organs:

Uterus, mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates uterine muscle construction, release of milk by mammary glands

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)Target Tissues/Organs:

ThyroidFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates thyroid hormone

Synthesis and secretion

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Adrenal cortexFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates adrenal cortex

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH)Target Tissues/Organs:

GonadsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Egg and sperm production and sex hormone production

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Prolactin (PRL)Target Tissues/Organs:

Mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Milk production

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Growth (GH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Soft tissues bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth

Endocrine Gland:Anterior

PituitaryHormone Released:

Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Melanocytes in skinFunction(s) of Hormones:

Unknown function in humans regulates skin color in lower vertebrate

Endocrine Gland:Thyroid

Hormone Released:Thyroxine (T4)

and triidothyronine (T3)Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Increase metabolic rate; Regulates growth and development

Endocrine Gland:Parathyroid

Hormone Released:Parathyroid

(PTH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood calcium level

Endocrine Gland:Thyroid

Hormone Released:Calcitonin

Target Tissues/Organs:Bones, kidneys,

intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:

Lower blood calcium level

Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex

Hormone Released:Glucocorticoids

(cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein

Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex

Hormone Released:

Mineralocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium

Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex

Hormone Released:Sex hormones

Target Tissues/Organs:Gonads, skin,

muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:Adrenal

medullaHormone Released:

Epinephrine and norepinephrineTarget Tissues/Organs:

Cardiac and other musclesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Emergency situations; raise blood glucose level

Endocrine Gland:Pancreas

Hormone Released:Insulin

Target Tissues/Organs:Liver, muscles;

adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Lower blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen

Endocrine Gland:Pancreas

Hormone Released:Glucagon

Target Tissues/Organs:Liver, muscles;

adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood glucose level

Endocrine Gland:Testes

Hormone Released:Androgens

(testosterone)Target Tissues/Organs:

Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate secondary male sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:Ovaries

Hormone Released:Estrogens and

progesteroneTarget Tissues/Organs:

Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate female sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:Pineal gland

Hormone Released:Melatonin

Target Tissues/Organs:Brain

Function(s) of Hormones:Circadian and

circannual rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex organs