The endocrine system
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Transcript of The endocrine system
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Prepared by:
Sharina Hadji MananJohara T. Udtog
[Gk. Hormao instigate], are chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that controls the activity of other parts.
Hormones
Three types of HORMONES
Steroid Hormone
Derivatives of the Amino Acid
Tyrosine
Proteins or Peptides
PRINCIPAL ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND
HORMONES IN THE BODY
Endocrine Gland:
HypothalamusHormone Released:
Hypothalamic -releasin & release-inhibiting hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:
Anterior pituitaryFunction(s) of Hormones:
Regulate anterior pituitary hormones
Endocrine Gland:
Posterior pituitaryHormone Released:
Antidiuretic (ADH)Target Tissues/Organs:
KidneysFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates water reabsorption
by kidneys
Endocrine Gland:
Posterior pituitaryHormone Released:
OxytocinTarget Tissues/Organs:
Uterus, mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates uterine muscle construction, release of milk by mammary glands
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)Target Tissues/Organs:
ThyroidFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates thyroid hormone
Synthesis and secretion
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Adrenal cortexFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates adrenal cortex
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH)Target Tissues/Organs:
GonadsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Egg and sperm production and sex hormone production
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Prolactin (PRL)Target Tissues/Organs:
Mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Milk production
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Growth (GH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Soft tissues bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth
Endocrine Gland:
Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:
Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Melanocytes in skinFunction(s) of Hormones:
Unknown function in humans regulates skin color in lower vertebrate
Endocrine Gland:
ThyroidHormone Released:
Thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3)Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Increase metabolic rate; Regulates growth and development
Endocrine Gland:
ParathyroidHormone Released:
Parathyroid (PTH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood calcium level
Endocrine Gland:
ThyroidHormone Released:
CalcitoninTarget Tissues/Organs:
Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:
Lower blood calcium level
Endocrine Gland:
Adrenal cortexHormone Released:
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein
Endocrine Gland:
Adrenal cortexHormone Released:
Mineralocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium
Endocrine Gland:
Adrenal cortexHormone Released:
Sex hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:
Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:
Adrenal medullaHormone Released:
Epinephrine and norepinephrineTarget Tissues/Organs:
Cardiac and other musclesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Emergency situations; raise blood glucose level
Endocrine Gland:
PancreasHormone Released:
InsulinTarget Tissues/Organs:
Liver, muscles; adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Lower blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen
Endocrine Gland:
PancreasHormone Released:
GlucagonTarget Tissues/Organs:
Liver, muscles; adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood glucose level
Endocrine Gland:
TestesHormone Released:
Androgens (testosterone)Target Tissues/Organs:
Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate secondary male sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:
OvariesHormone Released:
Estrogens and progesteroneTarget Tissues/Organs:
Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate female sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:
Pineal glandHormone Released:
MelatoninTarget Tissues/Organs:
BrainFunction(s) of Hormones:
Circadian and circannual rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex organs