The Emergent Library: New Lands, New Eyes

VALA 2010Connections.Content.ConversationsKaren Calhoun9 February 2010

The Emergent Library: New Lands, New Eyes

VALA February 2010Karen Calhoun2

“The real act of discovery is not in finding new lands, but in seeing with new eyes.”—Marcel ProustHeliocentric universe,

Harmonia Macrocosmica, 1705Andreas Cellarius

A History of Modern Civilization (delivered at the speed of the Internet)

Tres riches heures du Duc de Berry, OctobreDetail

VALA February 20103 Karen Calhoun

New Forms of Human Enterprise

VALA February 20104

Disruptive

^

Thomas Luny, artist. HMS Endeavor, James Cook, captain. http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an2280897

http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an2280897

Small Things That Change Everything


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:80486DX2_200x.png

Photograph by User:Uberpenguin of the upper interconnect layers on an Intel chip taken with an optical microscope at 200x magnification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:80486DX2_200x.png

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Uberpenguin

Cloud computing, so they sayThe cloud – like

serving up electricity“I don’t care what’s

up there as long as it works”

“All you need is an Internet connection”

Don’t need software, don’t need hardware (except your laptop)

Web 2.0“The network is the

platform”Connected devicesNetwork effectsYouTube video: What is cloud computing?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PNuQHUiV3QBy WhatKnothttp://www.flickr.com/photos/whatknot/92549087/


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PNuQHUiV3Q

http://www.flickr.com/photos/whatknot/92549087/

Empowering Connections and Conversations in an Entirely New Way


Cell phone mania. By vanhalligan. http://www.flickr.com/photos/vanhalligan/3126639463/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/vanhalligan/3126639463/

Disintermediation and Disruption … Newspapers and Journalism


http://intelligencesquaredus.org/wp-content/uploads/Mainstream-Media-102709.pdf

http://intelligencesquaredus.org/wp-content/uploads/Mainstream-Media-102709.pdf

Disintermediation and Disruption… Libraries


89

20

20

40

60

80

100

Search engine Library Web site

Perc

ent

Where Search Begins

Starting an Information Search

(2005) College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report to the OCLC Membership: http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm

Brace for Change … Embrace Change

VALA February 201010

It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. --Charles Darwin.

Photo of Charles Darwin by Ernest Edwards, London. Prior to 1882, Repository: Smithsonian Institution. http://photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?t=5&id=3525&q=SIL14-D1-09

Library Cooperation as Adaptive Behavior


Cooperating to …


1. Embed collections in the Web2. Enable discovery and delivery of a

wider range of information objects3. Understand and engage with local

communities4. Realize a culture of continuous

improvement

1. Cooperating to embed collections in the Web

Find It on Google, Get It from My Library


• Why have we built collections?

• Collection development means “to privilege particular objects as being more useful or reliable than others”

• How is privileging possible when the universe is accessible in 5 seconds?

• Do we know what the collection is?

Ross Atkinson, 1946-2006Community, Collaboration, and Collections

http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/2608/1/Atkinson_Talk.pdf

Janus Conference

“None of these challenges can be met by research libraries working independently. They can only be confronted collectively … Collection development has gone as far as it can go by operating as a set of unilateral city states.”

14

My Report to the Library of Congress


http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

2006

EXTENDSTRATEGY

EXPANDSTRATEGY

LEADERSHIPSTRATEGY“Outward integration”

Improve the user’s experienceGreatly enhance delivery (fast!)

Standards development/complianceRecycle and reuse catalog data

Innovate and reduce costs

Invest in shared catalogsLink pools of scholarly data

Seek partners

Masscollections& catalogs

DigitizeOpen access

Participate in the substitute industry

“Thirty-two Options &Three Strategies”—A Radical AbridgementCalhoun. LC report, p. 14

16

“Outward Integration”—Into the Cloud

“Integration should be outward rather than inward, with libraries seeking to use their components in new ways”

--Interviewee for LC report on future of the catalog


Long Term Vision


•Local catalog linked to a chain of services

•Infrastructure to permit global, national or regional, and local discovery and delivery of information among open, loosely-coupled systems

•Web-scale aggregation of licensed & digitized publications, special collections, and born digital materials online

•Many starting points on the Web leading to many types of information objects

•Integrate library-managed collections and online spaces for research and learning into the user’s workflow on the network

“Discoverability” Report: University of Minnesota Libraries, February 2009http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/48258

Trends VALA February 201019 Karen Calhoun

Data Synchronization and Syndication

WorldCat & WorldCat Partners…

Data synch

Other partners

Flickr Commons


What is Syndication?

Low resolution image of copyrighted work used for commentary on the topicof syndication. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate

For news features like comics, syndication publishes the feature in multiple newspapers simultaneously.

Web syndication makes website material available to multiple other sites.


Global Integration: Being Where Their Eyes Are: the Flickr Commons


http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3197460723/

State Library ofQueensland

Global Integration: Being Where Their Eyes Are: WorldCat.org

•Looking for a book on Kate Sheppard•Start at Google Book Search …•Use “Find in a library” link


Pushing metadata out, pulling users in:

It’s all about linking metadata


GLOBAL

GROUP

LOCAL

Outward Integration, Exposure,

and Linkingof

Collections(e.g., Cloud services, WorldCat,

other aggregators, Libraries

Australia, Te Puna, group catalogs …

Local/GroupAuthentication,

Discovery/ DeliveryServices

DataSharing,Syndication,Synchronization,Linking

Coordinated Global, Group, and LocalMetadata Management


Some Really Important Stuff About Coordinated Metadata Management


Frequent synchronization of dataIdentifiers for information objects and peopleConfiguration profiles that automate

information sharing among separate organizations

Accurate linking data and syntaxStandards

2. Cooperating to enable discovery and delivery of a wider range of information objects

“Today’s catalog covers an important core collection (mostly books and journals, electronic and print), but a shrinking proportion of what students and scholars want to find and use.”—LC report, p. 28


The Emergent Library: Do We Know Any Longer What “The Collection” Is?


[T]he stuff of cultural heritage collections, digital assets, pre-printservices and the open Web, research labs, and learning managementsystems remains for the most part outside the scope of the catalog.

Scholarly information objects now include digitized rare and historical materials, textual primary source materials, graphical images,materials described in institutional and disciplinary repositories, conference Web sites, scholarly Web sites … data sets, software, simulations, a rising array of multimedia resources, learning objects and courses—the list goes on.

Calhoun. LC report, p. 24

Research into use and users of digital library collections

“Digital libraries, far from being simple digital versions of library holdings, are now attracting a new type of public, bringing about new, unique and original ways for reading and understanding texts.”—BibUsages Study 2002 [3]

“The availability of primary sources has been crucial for the success of my teaching in history. Students have remarked what a difference it has made, and I have noticed a big difference between this course with the availability of online primary resources to those I have taught before that were based on printed resources.” –History instructor, University of California [2]

Usage of University of Wisconsin Digital Collections 2001-2008 [1]

R2 = 0.9701

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

10000000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Mill

ion

s o

f S

essi

on

s/U

ses

“The function of searching across collections is a dream frequently discussed but seldom realized at a robust level. This paper … discusses how we might move from isolated digital collections to interoperable digital libraries.”

—Howard Besser [4]

30 See final slide for citations.

Rising Interest in Digital Collections on the BnF and LC Web Sites

Source: Alexa.com, 15 Nov 2009

Where do people go on bnf.fr and loc.gov?

BnF:Expositions: 30%Catalogue: 26%Gallica: 26%

LC:American Memory: 41%Catalog: 17%Legislative information (THOMAS): 6%


17% of the traffic to natlib.govt.nz goes here


Source: Alexa.com 8 Feb 2010

Queensland University of Technology ePrints: Ranked #22 of World’s Top 400 Repositories


Open Access Repositories Gaining Visibility and Impact

Sources: Alexa.com 15 Nov 2009 and the Cybermetrics Lab’s ranking of top Repositories (disciplinary and institutional) athttp://repositories.webometrics.info/about.html

2008-2009 TrafficCompared:

*Social Science Research Network*arXiv.org*Research Papers in Economics*British Library (bl.uk)


arXiv.org in OAIster in WorldCat


3. Cooperating to understand and engage with local communities


Library as Place, Place as Library

Connected on the network

No need to choose … we can be in our communities and …


Books Continue as Mainstay in North American Public Libraries


Source: Bowker Annuals for 2004 and 2008.


Delivery“In the age of new online services, people want simple and quick options for the delivery of library content. This project will develop a standard service model for us to deliver digital copies and physical books directly to people at their home or place of choice. It will enable improved options and speed of delivery.”http://www.nsla.org.au/projects/rls/delivery

New Eyes


“Respondents urged librarians to take a fresh approach … and give users what they want.”

Calhoun. LC report, p. 42


Kate Edger Information Commons

University of Auckland Library

Largest facility of its kind in New Zealand

Source: http://www.information-commons.auckland.ac.nz/?page=galleryUsed with permission.

The Print Collections in Academic Research Libraries

$108M USDrenovation of the OhioState University Library:“The books had come to clutter thelibrary”

http://chronicle.com/blogPost/Library-Renovation-at Ohio/4700


What’s the Value of the Print Collections? --Median Circulation and Reference Transactions in North American Research Libraries 1991-2008, With Five Year Forecast

Data source: ARL Statistics 2007-2008http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlstat08.pdf



An Eroding Role for the Library as the Campus Central Gateway to Information

http://www.ithaka.org/publications/facultyandlibrariansurveys

Offsite Storage … Full to Overflowing?

By: Watson Libraryhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/watsonlibrary/1336894299/


4. Cooperating to realize a culture of continuous improvement


It is not enough to do your best; you must know what to do, and then do your best. –W. Edwards Deming

Cooperative Systems at the Crossroads

Alice: 'Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?‘

'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' said the Cat.


What If …… Libraries could more readily share

the effort and costs of collection management?


What If…

We could more cooperatively manage …Collection analysis?New collection development? Offsite storage?Preservation?E-resources?Networked knowledge bases?


Users

PrintVendors

Library

OPAC

ILS

Circulation

Cataloging

SelfService

Acquisitions

CatalogingUtility

National/GlobalSystem

ConsortialSystem

ElectronicVendor

A to ZList

Resolver

ERM

InstitutionalRepository

Meta-search

Data

Library

Users

Suppliers

Partners

What if we could manage collections in the cloud?

What If…

We could cooperate to move from isolated digital collections to interoperable digital libraries?


OCLC Digital Collections Gateway

A Web-based, self-service tool to contribute digital repository metadata to WorldCat

OAI (Open Archives Initiative) compliant repositories (July 2010)

Two paths to WorldCat: Self-use of the GatewayOCLC harvesting


What If …We could collectively take better

advantage ofThe metadata we have already produced?Metadata we can get from other places?


Metadata Sources


VIAF: Virtual International Authority File


No man is an Island, entire of itself;every man is a piece of the Continent, a part of the main.Meditation XVII, John Donne

Thank You!


Digital Collections Slide - Citations

[1] Data source for chart: University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center. Summary Statistics. http://uwdcc.library.wisc.edu/usageStats/publicView.shtml

[2] Quote from survey respondent as reported in Harley, Diane. 2007. Use and users of digital resources. Educause Quarterly 4, p. 12-20. http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EQM0742.pdf

[3a] Assadi, Houssem, et al. 2002. Use and users of online digital libraries in France. (BibUsages project) http://bibnum.bnf.fr/usages/bibusages_ecdl2003.pdf

And [3b] Lupovici, Catherine, and Lesquins, Noémie. 2007. Gallica 2.0: a second

life for the Bibliothèque nationale de France digital library. http://www.ifla.org.sg/IV/ifla73/papers/146-Lupovici-en.pdf

[4] Besser, Howard. 2002. The next stage: moving from digital collections to interoperable digital libraries. First Monday 7:6. http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/958/879

The Emergent Library: New Lands, New Eyes

Education

Transcript of The Emergent Library: New Lands, New Eyes