The Emergence of the United States as a World Power

Anticipatory Guide

• 1. “It is the US’ responsibility to go into third world countries in order to improve the quality of life.”

• 2. “The US should worry about its own problems before getting involved in foreign affairs”

• 3. “In a tough situation, if someone does not choose your side, they should be considered your enemy”

• 4. “Harve Jacobs and Channel 5 News exaggerate the news in the city of North Charleston”

• 5. “If you know of a criminal act that is about to happen, and do not report it, you share in responsibility for whatever the outcome is”

Imperialism

• Imperialism – military, political, & economic domination of a stronger nation over a weaker nation

• Late 19th century/early 20th century – time of imperial expansion for major countries(Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia)

Why Expand it other Countries? 1. Provide both economic gain & military security

Example- Alfred Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History – argued that the US needed to become a stronger naval power to become a true world power

2. Nationalism- fulfillment of Manifest Destiny to expand

3. Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest races)- US’s obligation to govern “less civilized peoples”Example: Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man’s Burden

Why Should We Not Expand Into Other Countries?

Anti-Imperialist – not in US best interests to colonize other lands Why? would pull US into wars

US Expansion in the Pacific

• Alaska – purchased/acquired from Russia in 1867 – “Seward’s Folly”

• Hawaii – independent kingdom ruled by Queen Liliuokalani; annexed by the US in 1898 (SHADY!!!!!!!!)

Spanish American War• Cubans rebel against Spanish rule in 1898• US newspapers report exaggerated stories of Spanish

atrocities – “yellow journalism” – demands US intervention

• USS Maine explodes off coast of Cuba• Spain is blamed (probably was an accident) • Spain & US declare war in April 1898– “Rough Riders” – led by Col. Theodore Roosevelt

(before he was president) – Victory over Spain in three months– “A splendid little war”

Results of Spanish American War1. Cuba becomes a US protectorate – Cuban

autonomy granted with strong US oversight

2. Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines become US territories

3. Strong opposition against annexing the Philippines from anti-imperialist & the Filipino people – harsh guerilla war last for five years – Philippines granted independence 1946

Expanding US Foreign Policy• US sought to expand its role into Asia & Latin

America

Open Door Policy - US policy to encourage equal trading relations between all nations in China

Result?- Boxer Rebellion in China; US helped put it down

Great White Fleet – world tour of America new modern & powerful navy to demonstrate world power

Panama CanalUS wanted to gain control of the Panama Canal

Why?- short cut from Atlantic to Pacific

How did the US Acquire it?1. US back Panama in a revolt against Columbia

for independence2. Panama allowed US to build and control a

canal

Three US Different Diplomacies

1. “Big Stick Diplomacy”- Theodore Roosevelt–“speak softly and carry a big stick” –US would not hesitate to use

military force to protect its interests –Roosevelt Corollary expanded on the

Monroe Doctrine- EUROPE STAY OUT!!!!!!

Three US Different Diplomacies

2. Taft – “Dollar Diplomacy”–Increase US financial

investments ($) to Latin American nations that cooperated with US interests

Three US Different Diplomacies

3. Wilson – “Moral Diplomacy”–US to promote democratic reforms by

cooperating with democratic nations & not use force or financial incentive

–Still had to use military force in Haiti & Mexico in 1915 & 1916 respectively (Pancho Villa raids)