The Electoral College An Outdated System or A Perfect Fit for The Presidential Election.
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Transcript of The Electoral College An Outdated System or A Perfect Fit for The Presidential Election.
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The Electoral CollegeAn Outdated System or A Perfect Fit for The Presidential Election
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The Beginnings of the Electoral College
• The founder’s original intent for the selection of the president.– Populist representation or Federalist
representation– The uneducated and uninformed masses– Alexander Hamilton and Federalist 68
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Constitutional Framework
• Article II, against Popular Sovereignty– Electoral College independent of any majority
• Article IV Section 4– Guarantees a “Republican Form of
Government”
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Selection of the Electors
• Electors were to be selected by state legislatures
• States were given authority on selection method– Appointment by people– Appointment by legislature – Or a combination of both
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Key Decisions
• Supreme Court decisions affecting the Electoral College– McPherson v. Blacker (1892) challenged
method of selection for electors.• Ruled that states still had authority over selection
method
– Ray v. Blair• Also dealt with appointment methods
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Close Early Elections
• 1800- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr– Had to be referred to the House– House was deadlocked – Led to 12th Amendment
• 1824- Multiple Legit Candidates– Deadlocked electoral college– No one candidate gained a majority– Showed bias within electoral college
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Other Key Elections
• 1876- Hayes vs. Tilden– 1st time the validity of votes had to be
determined– Led to Electoral Count Act of 1887
• Elections of 1948, 1988, 1992– Showed the role of legit third party candidates
• Showed that third party candidates had power to change electoral outcomes
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The Election of 2000
• Bush vs. Gore– Most recent election in which electoral votes
didn’t follow popular vote– Controversy over ballots in Florida prolonged
the election– Butterfly Ballots, Supreme Court rulings– Bush won electoral vote 271-267– Gore won popular vote by 540,000
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Bias from the Electoral College
• Bias against competition– “Battle Ground” states– Bias against small or non-competitive states
• “Vote Power” – Larger in states with larger representation
• Over-representation for smaller states– Guaranteed three electoral votes
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More Bias with the Electoral College
• Bias against small party candidates– Third parties have little to no chance
• Little funding to go national with campaign and win electoral votes
• Bias against ethnic and racial groups– African-Americans– Hispanics and other minorities
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Direct Election vs. The Electoral College
• The Electoral College– Relatively effective– System has already been “fine-tuned”
• Direct Election– Goes against intent of founders– Could be costly to implement– Difficulty creating national system of popular
election
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Conclusion
• Is the Electoral College right for today?– Typically represents the popular vote– Few examples of shortcomings
• “Wrong Winner” situations• Under or over representation
– Relatively Effective– Keeps with the founder’s original intentions of
government by representation